I (35 points) In the following data, [l] and [r] are in complementary distribution. State the rule governing the occurrence of the two allophones. It is recommended that you first list the relevant sounds, then attempt to state the generalization that groups them together. The transcription is strict IPA. Vowels written double are long. zrɔ̃ to be smooth dru to be bent ɲra to rage fle to pluck lɔ̃ to love glamaa uneven kpla to intertwine litsa chameleon mlagoo thick dzre to quarrel gblaa wide ɣla to hide lolo to be large xloloo rough wlu to dig tsro bark of tree βla suddenly ɸle to buy srɔ̃ wife blema formerly lãkle leopard dɔlele illness hle to spread out ŋlɔ to write vlɔ to go far away jre evil atra mangrove adoglo lizard II (35 points) Here the first column contains the earlier form, the second column the later form. State the sound changes necessary to derive the later stage from the earlier stage. The transcription is strict IPA. tama tama father taŋi tai cry tari tadi younger brother ɣita ita see ɣate ase liver tina sina mother tiavu siahu sweat mate mase die ɣutu utu louse pune pune bird ðaŋi lai wind leŋi rei long grass bara bada big diba diba right geru gedu nape of neck garo gado language gwada gwada spear lata rata milk labia rabia sago maða mala tongue wabu vabu widow walo varo vine vui hui hair vavine hahine woman api lahi fire au lau I III (20 points) The first column contains words in Standard French, the second column words in a variety of Canadian French. Assume that the Canadian forms are derived historically from ancestors like the Standard French forms. Describe the rule for the development of /d/ and /t/. What kind of sound change is this? pəti pətsi small due due gifted baty batsy beaten tyb tsyb tube do do dowry tip tsip guy dã dã teeth diʁ dzir say dyʁ dzyr strong tabl tab table dəne dəne to give filtʁ filt filter tã tã time teʁ ter earth IV (10 points) (a) Latin noktem ¨night¨ became Italian notto and Latin ruptum ¨broken¨ became Italian rotto. What kind of sound change is this? (b) Some dialects of English, including my own, have the vowel ɔ in words like caught but the vowel a in words like cot. Other dialects of English lack the vowel ɔ; in these dialects cot and caught are pronounced the same. Assuming that the dialects that lack ɔ are the innovators, was this a phonetic or phonemic change? Justify your answer.