Ling 115
Writing Systems

Course Schedule

Fall 2014

This page gives the schedule of topics and assigned readings for Linguistics 115: Writing Systems at the University of Pennsylvania. The basic readings are from the Gnanadesikan textbook, The Writing Revoluation, by chapter; online readings are listed with direct links to either html or pdf files. These may be updated during the semester, so check back every week. Other relevant pages are the syllabus, glossary, phonetic symbols, study guide, and course description.

The notes and pictures that are used in lectures are all available on the web for study and review by students in the course; simply click on the links in this schedule. These pages are password-protected because many of the images are copyrighted and fair use restricts them to students in the course. Type the username and password given out in class when prompted by your web browser (contact the professor or the TA if you need help). Without this information, you will not be able to access the links below. Also, be sure that your browser is Unicode compatible.

The content of the lecture notes, and the readings, are not final until the preceding Friday; pdf files of homework assignments and their answers will be posted on Canvas according to the schedule of due dates. There is no class on November 26 (the day before Thanksgiving), and no recitation sections the first week of class (Aug 29), nor on October 10 due to Fall Break. Because the first two lectures are spread across two weeks, I am calling the first week "zero".

Week 0 What is writing?
Aug 25 No classes yet
Gnanadesikan
chapter 1 — The First IT Revolution
Online
Yule (2006): The Development of Writing [pdf]

No homework or recitations
this week

Aug 27 Typology
Week 1 Background concepts
Sept 1 Labor Day
Gnanadesikan
none
Online
Variability in the transliteration of Russian [html 1, 2, 3]
Garfield (1975): Transliteration ≠ Transcription ≠ Translation [pdf]

Homework 1
due Sept 10

Sept 3 Transliteration
Greek
Week 2 Mesopotamian cuneiform
Sept 8 Background
Structure
Gnanadesikan
chapter 2 — Cuneiform: Forgotten Legacy of a Forgotten People
Online
Wilford (1999), Who Began Writing?  [html or pdf]
Michalowski (1997), Adaptation of Cuneiform to Akkadian  [html]
Houston, Baines & Cooper (2003): Last Writing, pp. 430–435, 450–456 [pdf]

Homework 2
due Sept 17

Sept 10 Structure (cont.)
Texts
Week 3 Egyptian hieroglyphs
Sept 15 Background
Earliest writing
Gnanadesikan
chapter 3 — Egyptian Hieroglyphs and the Quest for Eternity
Online
Metropolitan Museum of Art: Summary of History [pdf]
Metropolitan Museum of Art: Hieroglyphs and Art [pdf]
Houston, Baines & Cooper (2003): Last Writing, pp. 435–450 [pdf]

Homework 3
due Sept 24

Egyptian Phonograms [pdf]

Sept 17 Structure
Texts
Week 4 Maya hieroglyphs
Sept 22 Background
Structure
Gnanadesikan
chapter 5 — Maya Glyphs: Calendars of Kings
Online
Lawler (2006): Claim of Oldest New World Writing Excites Archaeologists [pdf]
Kettunen & Helmke (2008): Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs, pp. 4–15 [pdf]
Maya Syllabary [pdf] and Concise Dictionary [pdf]
Houston, Baines & Cooper (2003): Last Writing, pp. 457–470 [pdf]

Homework 4
due Oct 1

Sept 24 Structure (cont.)
Texts
(Other systems)
Week 5 Chinese morphosyllabic writing
Sept 29 Language
Historical development
Gnanadesikan
chapter 4 — Chinese: A Love of Paperwork
Online
John DeFrancis (1989): Chinese [html or pdf]
Zhou Youguang (2003): Breakup of Homophones [html or pdf]
optional: William Boltz (1986): Early Chinese Writing [pdf]

Homework 5
due Oct 8

Oct 1 Structure
Morphemes
Week 6 Japanese writing: A mixed system
Oct 6 Language
Kanji
Gnanadesikan
chapter 7 — Japanese: Three Scripts are Better than One
Online
J. Marshall Unger (1996): The Modern Japanese Writing System [html or pdf]
J. Marshall Unger (1987): The Price of Tradition [html or pdf]

No homework due next week. Study for the midterm.

No recitation sections Oct 10.

Oct 8 Kana
Text
Week 7 Phonographic writing in East Asia
Oct 13 Yi and Vietnamese
Korean
Gnanadesikan
chapter 11 — King Sejong’s One-Man Renaissance
Online
Korean Language School (2006): Short History of the Korean Alphabet [pdf]
Stephen Wright (2004): Linguistic and Philosophical Origins of the Korean Alphabet [pdf]

No homework due next week.

No recitation sections Oct 17.

Oct 15 Midterm exam
Week 8 Syllabic writing
Oct 20 Syllabaries
Cherokee and Cree
Gnanadesikan
chapter 6 — Linear B: The Clerks of Agamemnon
chapter 8 — Cherokee: Sequoyah Reverse-Engineers
Online
David Sansone (2003): Greece in the Bronze Age [pdf]
Helène Whittaker (2005): Social and symbolic aspects of Minoan writing [pdf]

Homework 6
due Oct 29

Oct 22 Linear B, Cypriot, Linear A, Texts
(Undeciphered)
Week 9 Alphasyllabic systems
Oct 27 Indus Valley
Early Indic
Gnanadesikan
chapter 10 — The Empire of Sanskrit
Online
Steven M. Kossak & Edith W. Watts (2001): South Asia [pdf]
Andrew Lawler (2004): The Indus Script — Write or Wrong? [pdf]

Homework 7
due Nov 5

Oct 29 Indic descendents
Ethiopic
Texts
Week 10 Consonantal writing
Nov 3 Early alphabets
Further developments
Gnanadesikan
chapter 9 — The Semitic Alphabet: Egypt to Manchuria in 3,400 Years
Online
A.R. Millard (1986): The Infancy of the Alphabet [pdf]
Bruce Fellman (2000): The Birthplace of the ABCs [html]

Homework 8
due Nov 12

Nov 5 Modern alphabets
Texts
Week 11 The alphabetic principle in Greece
Nov 10 Transmission
Epichoric alphabets
Gnanadesikan
chapter 12 — Greek Serendipity
Online
Timeline of Ancient Greece [pdf]
Sven-Tage Teodorsson (2006): Eastern Literacy, Greek Alphabet, and Homer [pdf] through p. 175

Homework 9
due Nov 19

Epichoric alphabets [pdf]

Nov 12 Classical writing
Descendent alphabets
(More inscriptions)
Week 12 The alphabet in Italy
Nov 17 Etruscan
Gnanadesikan
chapter 13 — The Age of Latin
Online
Timeline of Ancient Rome [pdf]
Wilford (2003): Lost No More: An Etruscan Rebirth [html]

No homework due next week.

 

Nov 19 Latin
Week 13 English orthography
Nov 24 Runes
Old English
Gnanadesikan
chapter 14 — The Alphabet Meets the Machine
Online
James Campbell (2000): Britain, AD 500 [html]
Brett Kessler & Rebecca Treiman (2003): Is English spelling chaotic? [pdf]

Thanksgiving Break,
Nov 27–28

Nov 26 Friday classes today;
no recitations
Week 14 Modern English; Written language
Dec 1 Middle English

Gnanadesikan
no reading
Online
Per Linell (1982): Speech and Writing. [html]

Homework 10
available Monday, Dec 1;
due Dec 9 at midnight

Dec 3 Modern English
The alphabet
Week 15 Implications of literacy
Dec 8 Written language and literacy
Vai literacy
Gnanadesikan
no reading
Online
Sylvia Scribner & Michael Cole (1981): The Practice of Literacy. [pdf]

Study for the final exam.

Dec 10 Reading days
Final exam

Dec 19

12 – 2 

Annenberg School for Communication, room 111