L - l

-l   [l]   Cooccurrence: suffixed to terms for common geographic features and for the cardinal directions; triggers Decrement. Adverb. Allative: toward a place.

=lhqʰac   [lhqʰaʔ]  -l, =hqʰac. Cooccurrence: used in text glossing to stand for both components at once. Adposition. toward.

wišalil   [wišalil]  wišali, -l. Variant: wišalilhqʰac. Adverb. to, towards the east. compare: wiša·lil.

ʔaqʰalil   [ʔaqʰalíl]  ʔaqʰal, -l. Adverb. down to the water.

la-   [la]   Cooccurrence: copies vowel from following syllable. Verb. PL.

culaṭʼa*   [culaṭʼáw]  cuṭʼa·*, la-.

lasʼa·*   [-]  sʼa·*, la-.

labat*   [-]  hlabat*.

lac*   [-]   Variant: daya*. Instr Verb Root. fail to do (of one thing, involuntary). synonyms: ʔdayac*, hqoṭol*1.

balac*   [balaʔ]  ba-, lac*. Verb. fail to do (of one thing, involuntary), with the lips, snout, or beak; by speech (or hearing). balaci to make a mistake and say the wrong word, lapse.

bilac*   [bilaʔ]  bi-, lac*. Variant: bidaya*. Verb. miss grabbing with arms.

culac*   [culaʔ]  cu-, lac*. Variant: cudaya*. Verb. miss ironing part of shirt.

cʰilac*   [cʰilaʔ]  cʰi-, lac*. Variant: cʰidaya*. Verb. 1 • fail in writing a letter. cuhti cʰilaci miss one. cʰidaya miss several.

2 • make writing mistake, miswrite; miss hooking. cʰilaci swing once.

cʰilacʰqa*   [cʰilacʰqaw]  cʰilac*. Verb. cause to make mistake.

dalac*   [daláʔ]  da-, lac*. Verb. miss (catching something) with hand. dalaci miss it! dalácʰmeʔ miss it! (to in-law?) synonyms: daʔdayac*.

daladala*   [daladálaw]  dalac*. Verb. try to pick up quickly and keep trying because keep missing. compare: daʔladaʔla*, baʔlabaʔla*.

dilac*   [dilaʔ]  di-, lac*. Variant: didaya*. Verb. miss falling on, fail to do (of one thing, involuntary), restricted to actions involving falling. qʰale wi dilácʰwiye·to the tree missed falling on me.

dulac*   [dulaʔ]  du-, lac*. Variant: dudaya*. Verb. 1 • fail with fingers.

2 • forget. dulácʰwiye· to I forgot. pé·su buhqʰal to dulacʰqʰ I forgot my pocket book; I’m missing my pocket book. dulaci forget to take it!

duladula*   [duladúlaw]  dulac*. Verb. keep trying to pick up but keep failing.

halac*   [halaʔ]  ha-, lac*. Verb. fail to kick.

halahala*   [halahalaw]  halac*. Verb. repeatedly fail to kick. ʔaná· ʔamahcʰilíʔpʰila heʔen htaqacʼkʰetʰin – soh halahalaʔbem it is such a cliff, you don’t have a place to put a foot when climbing up; you just keep scraping your legs against it.

hilac*   [hilaʔ]  hi-, lac*. Verb. fail to do (of one thing, involuntary), with the body. hilácʰwiye· to maʔal béṭʼbuyi dutʼaʔ I failed to keep track of what day of the week it is.

milac*   [milaʔ]  mi-2, lac*. Variant: midaya*. Verb. miss counting, make a mistake in arithmetic. compare: miyi*.

mulac*   [mulaʔ]  mu-, lac*. Variant: mudaya*. Verb. fail to hit. mulaci fail to throw and hit.

mulamula*   [mulamúlaw]  mulac*. Verb. keep hitting with rock, trying to break but it won’t break even through you hit it.

pʰilac*   [pʰilaʔ]  pʰi-, lac*. Variant: pʰidaya*. Verb. fail to see something, hit. cuhtihku pʰilácʰwiye·to I failed to see one letter.

pʰilapʰila*   [pʰilapʰilaw]  pʰilac*. Verb. keep hitting with stick.

pʰulac*   [pʰulaʔ]  pʰu-, lac*. Variant: pʰudaya*. Verb. fail to blow; miss when trying to blow. pʰudutʼba pʰulácʰmela I missed when blowing something.

qalac*   [qalaʔ]  qa-, lac*. Variant: qadaya*. Verb. miss biting entirely.

qalaqala*   [qalaqalaw]  qalac*. Reduplicating Verb. keep failing to bite off.

silac*   [silaʔ]  si-, lac*. Variant: sidaya*. Verb. miss licking or miss cut with scissors. silacʰ mela·ʔa kʰe taqʰma I made a mistake in cutting out the dress.

šulac*   [šulaʔ]  šu-, lac*. Variant: šudaya*. Verb. fail to lasso.

šulašula*   [šulašulaw]  šulac*. Verb. fail to do, with a flexible object. mihya tol sulemáʔ bana·la· daqa·cʼem sóh šulašulaw he wants to throw a rope around his (someone else’s) neck but keeps missing (touches head but won’t go over).

laci·ta   [laci·ta]   Noun. hatchet. lací·ta Usage: rare Usages note: Usually tupu·lu qawi..

lahwi*   [lahwiw]   Verb. cross, step across. lahwiw to go over something or go across. lahwi step over (that)! lahwimeʔ step over (that) (to several)! lawitʰmeʔ D: Plural, Imperative. lahwicí·du D: Durative. ʔahqʰama lahwi step over the gulley! Example Variant: ʔahqʰamo pahṭʰima. kare·ta₁ wi₂ biʔda₃ báhṭʰel₄ lahwiw₅ to cross the river in a wagon. biʔda báhṭʰal qʰaʔbe ʔel ṭʼi· láhwi·ma step over all the river rocks.

ʔahšolahwal   [ʔahšoláhwal]  ʔahšo*, lahwi*. Adverb. across a barrier (mountain, river, canyon, etc.) to the south. compare: wihšalahwal, bilahwal.

lakʼ   [lákʼˆ]   1 • Animate Mimetic. call of wild geese in the air. lakʼ lakʼ lakʼ sound of wild geese up high.

2 • Inanimate Mimetic. said to baby when playing tickle game.

lakʼat*   [lakʼaʔ]   Instr Verb Root. flash (of light). synonyms: kʼal*2.

culakʼa·t*   [culakʼaʔ]  cu-, lakʼat*. Verb. lights flash.

mulakʼa·t*   [mulakʼaʔ]  mu-, lakʼat*. Verb. lights flash by with a quick movement; cause sparks by hitting. qʰaʔbe qáhleyya pʰaʔkʼóʔkʼomu·cʼem ʔoho múlakʼa·ticʼ when (we) hit the white rocks together sparks flew out.

puhlakʼa·t*   [puhlakʼaʔ]  pʰu-, lakʼat*. Cooccurrence: prob. can take person agent. Verb. lights flash by blowing. puhlakʼátʰciʔ spark to flash once.

sihlakʼa·t*   [sihlakʼaʔ]  si-, lakʼat*. Verb. lights flash, blink. sihlakʼátʰciʔ to flash once on and off.

silakʼa·ticʼ*   [silakʼá·tiʔ]  sihlakʼa·t*. 1 • Verb. flash (of light); light to go on and off (as lightning); searchlight or light-house light flashing on once in a while. maʔkʼalá ʔoho silakʼá·ticʼ lightning flashed. silakʼá·ticʼi D: Imperatiec. silakʼá·ticʼmeʔ D: Plural Imperative. sihlakʼátʰcicʼi one flash! sihlakʼá·talaw to see lights down in valley go out or flash. compare: sikʼalsikʼali·cʼ*.

2 • Noun. lightning.

šuhlakʼac*   [šuhlakʼaʔ]  šu-, lakʼat*. Verb. lights flash with a long flexible object.

lakʼiš   [lakʼiš]   Noun. gall, gall bladder.

lala   [lala]   Noun. goose, wild goose. lala dóno Goose Mountain (placename). lala qʰaʔbe Goose Rock (placename). compare: qahlemta.

lam*   [-]   Cooccurrence: lenghtens preceding vowel. Instr Verb Root. carry with tumpline. synonyms: hle·m*.

cʰi·lam*   [cʰi·lamʔ]  cʰi-, lam*. Verb. pack on back with strap around the shoulders. cʰi·lama D: Imperative. cʰi·lamá·du D: Durative. cʰi·lámmeʔ D: Plural Imperative. cʰi·lamé· mu compare: cʰi·lan, cihle·m*.

lame·sa   [lamé·sa]   Noun. table.

lame·sa qʼoʔo   [lame·sa qʼoʔo]  Lit: table dance lame·sa, qʼoʔo. Noun. dance type; a woman's dance performed with aprons.

lame·sa qahca   [lamé·sa qahca]  qahca. Noun. 1 • table knife.

2 • striking part of a weapon, missile.

lame·sa qʼoʔo   [lame·sa qʼoʔo]  Lit: table dance lame·sa, qʼoʔo. Noun. dance type; a woman's dance performed with aprons.

lanhcʼa   [lanhcʼa]  cʼa*. Numeral. six.

lanhcʼamhma   [lanhcʼámhma]  Lit: six times five lanhcʼa, -mhma. Numeral. thirty.

lanhcʼamhma na·sibo   [lanhcʼámhma na·sibo]  Lit: thirty plus two lanhcʼamhma, na·sibo2. Numeral. thirty-two.

lanhcʼamhma   [lanhcʼámhma]  Lit: six times five lanhcʼa, -mhma. Numeral. thirty.

lanhcʼamhma na·sibo   [lanhcʼámhma na·sibo]  Lit: thirty plus two lanhcʼamhma, na·sibo2. Numeral. thirty-two.

lanhcʼamhma na·sibo   [lanhcʼámhma na·sibo]  Lit: thirty plus two lanhcʼamhma, na·sibo2. Numeral. thirty-two.

lanhkʰo   [lanhkʰo]   Numeral. seven. lanhkʰómhma thirty-five. Literally: seven times five.

lanhkʰomhma   [lanhkʰómhma]  Lit: seven times five lanhkʰo, -mhma. Numeral. thirty-five.

lanhkʰomhma   [lanhkʰómhma]  Lit: seven times five lanhkʰo, -mhma. Numeral. thirty-five.

laqʰa·m*   [-]   Instr Verb Root. feed.

bilaqʰam*   [bilaqʰámʔ]  bi-, laqʰa·m*. Variant: bilahqʰam*; bilaqʰa·tam*. Verb. feed. maʔa bilaqʰamʔ to feed, support (any kind). siʔdo bilaqʰamʔ to feed milk, to nurse. Example Variant: molókko.... naṭa (ʔel) molókko (ʔel) bilaqʰa·ma feed the child milk! bilaqʰá·ma D: Imperative. bilaqʰá·tama D: Plural Object Imperative. ma tó maʔa coʔdoqo ʔa· biláqʰammayʔ you hand me the food; I’ll feed a bunch of animals (chickens, horses) in successive handfuls of food. bilaqʰá·mibiʔ to start feeding. bilaqʰa·maw D: Absolutive. compare: bimucinʔqa*.

lariya·ta   [lariya·ta]   Variant: riya·ta. Noun. lariat, lasso.

lasʼa·*   [-]  sʼa·*, la-.

lašlaš   [lášlaš]   Noun. flashlight. Usage: obsolete synonyms: pʰacet*.

laṭʼa*1   [-]  ṭʼa·*. Instr Verb Root. cause innards to come out. compare: laṭʼa·*.

laṭʼa*2   [-]  ʔṭʼa*1. Instr Verb Root. hold between two objects.

laṭʼa·*   [laṭʼaw]  Lit: break open so something comes out Verb. hatch. ku láṭʼaw one hatches. laṭʼa D: Imperative. laṭʼá·wacʼmeʔ D: Plural Imperative. laṭʼá·wadu both pl. Example Variant: laṭʼá·tadu. hicʼo· ʔem ʔúl laṭʼa·tanʔqʰ the eggs have already hatched. laṭáhqʰaw D: Causative (Transitive) Absolutive. mul duhṭʰal laṭʼa·mawal yaʔkʰe ʔa·pede (Take out) this disease that has hatched, broken out, Our Father. (Bernice 7/79 prayer as recorded by Otis Parrish). laṭʼá·medu D: Durative. pʰala láṭʼa·medu D: Durative #again. compare: laṭʼa*1.

law   [law]   Adverb. innately, natrually, always same. lawé· mu it's nature. lá· heʔe min é· mu the hair is always like that. tʼu sʼíw ʔtʰne· mu dono lawé· mu that hill isn't newly made, it has always been that way. lawé· mu ʔacaʔ cahno báʔlu that man has (always) been tongue-tied (it is the way he's made). lawé· mu ma·cal qʰale tol šihpʰa haʔdíʔqanʔ ṭʼo ʔem the leaves on those threes are unchageably different (they are a different species). lawé· mu mu·kinʔ mihya qʰama bahṭʰe cahno cahno·dam it is his nature to always speak in that big voice. cahno lá· cahno he's speaking in his natural way. lawém ṭa mu cʼelí·cʼedam naturally he would fall down. lawé· mu mice·dam (does he always say that?) he always says that.

lawo·1   [lawo·]   Noun. cartilage.

ʔila lawo·   [ʔila láwo·]  ʔila, lawo·1. Noun. soft part of inside of nose.

lawo·2   [lawo·]   Adjective. limp, soft.

laya*   [-]   Instr Verb Root. slip, slide.

bilaya*   [bilayaw]  bi-, laya*. Verb. fail to pick up (because it's slippery). bilaya fail to pick up (to person)! bilaya·meʔ D: Plural Imperative. bilaya·maw D: Absolutive.

dalayac*   [dalayáʔ]  da-, laya*. Instr Verb Stem. slip hand over something.

dilaya*   [dilayaw]  di-, laya*. Verb. unaffected by falling object.

dulaya*   [dulayaw]  du-, laya*. Verb. fail to affect something with fingers – it’s too heavy to pick up or too slippery.

hilaya*   [hilayaw]  hi-, laya*. Verb. body slip. sʼalutʼin sóh hilaya·w because it’s slick, the body slips right off without affecting it.

malaya*   [malayaw]  ma-2, laya*. Verb. slip because can’t get a foot hold on it; because it’s slippery or steep; nothing happens.

malayac*   [malayaʔ]  malaya*. Verb. slip on something wet with feet; slip, miss with the foot when trying to step on (a rock). malayá·ci D: Imperative. malayá·tʰuʔ D: Negative. malayá·cedu D: Durative. malayá·cenʔwadu D: Durative. malayá·meʔ D: Plural Imperative. maṭʼqʰa tol malayacʼba cʼe·lí·y after slipping on the mud, he fell.

mulaya*   [mulayaw]  mu-, laya*. Verb. bump and miss, dodge, avoid (in a car). qʰale múnemʔba to sóh mulayacʰwiy I bumped into a tree but avoided getting hurt. mulaya D: Imperative. mulayá·tʰuʔ D: Negative. duhṭʰal yaʔ mulayá·we·to I am unaffected by the disease. mulayá·meʔ D: Plural Imperative.

pʰilaya*   [pʰilayaw]  pʰi-, laya*. Verb. slip with the eye; with a long object. qʰaʔbe ṭʼo mu ma moʔóʔtapʰiʔnati sóh pʰilayaʔbeʔ although you hit that rock, it didn’t split, budge, anything.

šulaya*   [šulayaw]  šu-, laya*. Verb. fail to pull up plant although you keep pulling.

layci*   [-]   Variant: layma*. Instr Verb Root. fail to cook thoroughly.

mula·ci*   [mula·ciw]  mu-, layci*. Variant: mula·ma*. Verb. fail to cook thoroughly. mulá·maw fail repeatedly to cook. mula·ci (to steak) fail to cook! don’t be cooked completely! Example Variant: mulá·ci. mula·citá·du D: Plural, Durative. mula·maw to fail to cook thoroughly (pl. of /mula·ciw/). mula·cimé·du D: Durative. mula·cimeʔ D: Plural Imperative. mula·ma D: Plural Object Imperative. Usages note: only old people used this.

layhqʰa   [láyhqʰa]  ʔahqʰa. Noun. lye, lye water.

layicʼ*   [-]   Cooccurrence: with Prefixes other than du-, its meaning is to miss self. Instr Verb Root. dress self up.

dulayicʼ*   [dulayiʔ]  du-, layicʼ*. Verb. dress up, doll oneself up. dulayí·cʼi D: Imperative. dulayʔtacʼmeʔ D: Plural Imperative. kʼaṭa dúlayiʔ to get dressed any way. compare: pʰilayicʼ*.

pʰilayicʼ*   [pʰilayiʔ]  pʰi-, layicʼ*. Verb. miss hitting oneself. compare: dulayicʼ*.

layma*   [-]  layci*. Instr Verb Root. fail to cook.

laʔkʼa   [laʔkʼa´]   Adjective. bare, without, bald. hoʔtʼo láʔkʼa bald head. heʔe láʔkʼa bare of hair. qaʔdi láʔkʼa bare of grass. qʰale láʔkʼa bare tree, leafless tree. ʔiša· láʔkʼa bald arm, arm bare of hair. laʔkʼa wá·du he came bare, he came empty-handed. hiʔbaya heʔe láʔkʼa wa·de· haʔu a bald-headed man is coming from there. hoʔtʼo láʔkʼa bahṭʰe head with a big bald spot. hoʔtʼo báhṭʰe laʔkʼa big bald head. ʔime láʔkʼa without hair. ʔiša· ʔime ʔáqolayʔ cʰoʔ arm without long hair. laʔkʼa ʔé·mu that's bare; that's bald.

ʔimeqʼo laʔkʼa   [ʔimeqʼó laʔkʼa]  Lit: bald peach ʔimeqʼo, laʔkʼa. Noun. nectarine, apricot.

laʔṭʼa   [laʔṭʼa]   Noun. bulging (of belly only).

le*   [-]   Cooccurrence: always reduplicated. Instr Verb Root. become stopped up, drown out, exclude.

balebale*   [balebalew]  ba-, le*. Cooccurrence: usually with semelfactive and reflexive -c-icʼ > -yicʼ. Reduplicating Verb. 1 • drown out noise with talking or crying. naṭa qaʔcʼaṭin šimamo balebalecʰwiye·to I can’t hear from the child crying; the child’s crying drowns out the other noise. balebaleyiʔ talk to shut out unwanted sounds. compare: balibali*, balu*, bale·m*.

2 • exclude.

culecule*   [culeculew]  cu-, le*. Cooccurrence: usually with semelfactive -c. Reduplicating Verb. be stopped up with a round object; by shooting. ʔacaʔ coʔo yaʔ huʔú· culecúlemʔ dama·cʼicʰqay the men returned home with eyes swollen shut by yellowjackets. culeculeci sting eye (to bee)! qahsíl (to) daceba šimamo culecúlecʰwiye·to I caught a cold and my ears got stopped up (or eyes swollen closed from eye sting). culeculewa·du D: Plural. culeculeta·du D: Durative. culeculemʔ @.

cʰilecʰile*   [cʰilecʰilew]  cʰi-, le*. Cooccurrence: usually with semelfactive and reflexive -c-icʼ > -yicʼ. Reduplicating Verb. forget to do something because writing preoccupied the mind. cʰilecʰileyiʔ forget to do something because writing preoccupied the mind.

daledale*   [daledálew]  da-, le*. Cooccurrence: always reduplicated; usually with Semelfactive. Reduplicating Verb. stop up with the hand. ʔama· li daledáleci mul ʔoho ʔ put the fire out with dirt over it!

duledule*   [duledulew]  du-, le*. Cooccurrence: usually with semelfactive -c. Reduplicating Verb. stop up with finger. duleduleyiʔ to close (nose) with fingers. duleduleʔ fill closed with finger or close as finger over bottle top.

halehale*   [halehalew]  ha-, le*. Cooccurrence: usually with semelfactive -c. Reduplicating Verb. stop with a swinging motion. hanétʰmatʰu mul huʔú·mo halehálecʼkʰeʔeʔ don’t kick (many times in one face) or his face will get swollen.

hilehile*   [hilehilew]  hi-, le*. Cooccurrence: usually with semelfactive -c. Reduplicating Verb. 1 • (part of) body be stopped up, likes ears. šimamo hilehílecʰwiye· to, ʔa· bimáci mul ci·cʼinʔkʰe ʔyowal I forgot what I was going to do today, like my ears (metaphor for mind) were plugged.

2 • drown out.

malemale*   [malemalew]  ma-2, le*. Cooccurrence: usually with semelfactive -c. Reduplicating Verb. full hole closed by stamping in dirt.

milemile*   [milemilew]  mi-2, le*. Cooccurrence: usually with semelfactive -c or semelfactive and reflexive -c-icʼ > -yicʼ. Reduplicating Verb. kick someone and swell other up. milemileyiʔ to kick someone and swell own foot up. milemileʔ kick someone and swell other up.

pʰalepʰale*   [pʰalepʰalew]  pʰa-, le*. Cooccurrence: usually with semelfactive -c. Reduplicating Verb. fill (hole) by pounding in dirt; hit with fist and make someone swell up; punch someone and close the eye. pʰalepʰaleʔ punch someone and close the eye.

pʰilepʰile*   [pʰilepʰilew]  pʰi-, le*. Cooccurrence: usually with semelfactive -c. Reduplicating Verb. 1 • hammer something over all the holes.

2 • hit someone with stick and make eye swell closed. pʰitʼa·dun ʔtʰin pʰilepʰilewe·to not being able to see, everything is blurred. compare: pʰilupʰilu*, pʰilipʰili*.

pʰulepʰule*   [pʰulepʰulew]  pʰu-, le*. Cooccurrence: usually with semelfactive -c or semelfactive and reflexive -c-icʼ > -yicʼ. Reduplicating Verb. become stopped up by smoke; smoke out. hosá wi pʰulepʰuleyicʼmela I smoked myself out. I leave because smoke shuts me out.

qaleqale*   [qaleqalew]  qa-, le*. Cooccurrence: usually with semelfactive -c or semelfactive and reflexive -c-icʼ > -yicʼ. Reduplicating Verb. exclude by eating. maʔa wi qaleqáleyicʼbina ʔa· ʔama· ci·cʼínʔkʰe ʔyowal to šuʔumqʰ by eating food I must have forgotten what I was going to do.

silesile*   [silesilew]  si-, le*. Cooccurrence: usually with semelfactive -c or semelfactive and reflexive -c-icʼ > -yicʼ. Reduplicating Verb. forget to do something from being drunk. silesileyiʔ forget to do something from being drunk.

šulešule*   [šulešulew]  šu-, le*. Cooccurrence: usually with semelfactive -c or semelfactive and reflexive -c-icʼ > -yicʼ. Reduplicating Verb. exclude someone by locking (door), lock someone in or out. hohwa ṭʼi· šulešúleyi·cʼi go around and lock all the doors, locking yourself in. šulešúlewa·du all doors locked (to keep out) from outside.

lebaṭʰe   [lebaṭʰe]  lebaṭʰe·.

lebaṭʰe·   [lebaṭʰe·]   Variant: lebaṭʰe. Noun. middle, halfway (along any line). ʔahca lébaṭʰe· halfway up or across the house. ʔahša lébaṭʰe· caqʰaw to cut in the middle of a fish. lebaṭʰé tʼetʰmaw stand in the middle. (ʔo)ho lebaṭʰe middle of fire. qʰa lebaṭʰe middle of water. ʔama lébaṭʰe middle of land. compare: dile, dile·, dile·ma·.

ʔama lebaṭʰe   [ʔama lébaṭʰe]  ʔama·1, lebaṭʰe·. Adverb. half-way (of a distance).

lehu·ye   [lehú·ye]   Noun. dance type. dancers try to scare people by running up to them.

leta·m*1   [-]   Instr Verb Root. extend !plu.

leta·m*2   [-]  hle·m*. Instr Verb Root. extend, stretch (of something of limited length).

lewi·ta   [lewí·ta]   Noun. blouse.

leʔwe   [leʔwe]   Adjective. limber.

le·ci*   [le·ciw]   Cooccurrence: always occurs with ʔama·. Verb. disappear.

ʔama· le·ci   [ʔama· lé·ciw]  ʔama·1, le·ci*. Verb. disappear (die); give up living, ready to die. ʔama· lé·ci; cadu da·we·to mito disappear; I don’t want to see you (to pigs or chickens, not child)! ʔama· lé·citacʼmeʔ D: Plural Imperative. ʔama· lé·cimeʔ D: Plural Imperative. ʔama· lé·ci D: Imperative. kú·ška cohtocʼba ʔama· lé·ciy the cat left and never returned. ʔama· šúhwenʔli ʔacaʔ ʔama· lé·ciy when the earth quaked, the people disappeared (meaning killed, not nec. disappear into hole in ground). ʔama· lé·ciw to disappear forever. ʔama· lé·cimeʔ disappear (to several)! ʔama· lé·cime·du D: Durative (disappear).

le·m*   [-]   Instr Verb Root. many discordant sounds.

bale·m*   [balemʔ]  ba-, le·m*. Verb. many to sound but not all together (as auto horns). balemciw many to all holler together. compare: balebale*.

balemciya   [balemciya]  bale·m*. Interjection. said by some at end of dance. Usage: archaic

le·wen1   [le·wen]   Noun. trout.

le·wen2   [le·wen]   Noun. trout.

lhat*   [-]   Instr Verb Root. give up in disgust.

dalhat*   [dalhaʔ]  da-, lhat*. Verb. give up in disgust. dalhati give up in disgust! dalhatʰwiye·to I’m disgusted. hiʔbayá yaʔ kʰe naṭa cʼa·haʔ da·qacʼba ti·to da·qáʔtʰi·li dalhát ba qʼa·y the man wanted to marry my child, but she didn’t want to and he gave up in disgust and left.

=lhqʰac   [lhqʰaʔ]  -l, =hqʰac. Cooccurrence: used in text glossing to stand for both components at once. Adposition. toward.

=li   [li]   Variant: =i. Adposition. Locative on Relative Object verb.

ʔo·ro dahalʔli   [ʔó·ro dahalʔli]  Lit: where they dig gold ʔo·ro, dahal*, =li. Noun. gold mine.

li*1   [-]   Instr Verb Root. scatter apart.

bali*   [-]  ba-, li*1. Cooccurrence: always reduplicated, see reduplicated forms. Reduplicating Verb. scatter with the mouth.

balibali*   [balibaliw]  bali*. Reduplicating Verb. talk over someone; drown out someone else talking. ʔacaʔ yaʔ cahno pišudu cahno·dem šoʔdaqa·cʼínʔtʰin ʔa·ṭʼo canho wi balibáliyicʼmela when the person was saying bad words, I didn’t want to listen and I talked to drown out his words. Example Variant: balubaluyicʼmela ~ balebaleyicʼmela. compare: balu*, balebale*.

culi*   [-]  cu-, li*1. Cooccurrence: always reduplicated, see reduplicated forms. Reduplicating Verb. scatter with a round object.

culiculi*   [culiculiw]  culi*. Reduplicating Verb. scatter by a round object, by flowing water. ʔahqʰa yó· ʔihqʰóʔ qawiyya ʔem culiculiw in the water the little roots are waving around (lots of waving).

duli*2   [-]  du-, li*1. Cooccurrence: always reduplicated, see reduplicated forms. Reduplicating Verb. scatter of light.

duliduli*   [duliduliw]  duli*2. Reduplicating Verb. scatter of light. ʔoho qáwi duliduliwe· haʔu that little fire is flickering. ʔoho dulidúlicʰqa start the fire!

pʰili*2   [-]  pʰi-, li*1. Cooccurrence: always reduplicated, see reduplicated forms. Reduplicating Verb. blurring the eyes.

pʰilipʰili*   [pʰilipʰiliw]  pʰili*2. Reduplicating Verb. blurring the eyes. huʔú· pišudu ʔin to pʰilipʰiliw because my eyes are bad, it is blurring. compare: pʰilepʰile*, pʰilupʰilu*.

pʰuli*   [-]  pʰu-, li*1. Cooccurrence: always reduplicated, see reduplicated forms. Reduplicating Verb. scatter by blowing, dangle in wind. pʰuliʔ (leaf or clothes on a line) swing in the breeze; one to dangle in the wind. pʰulitʰmaw several to dangle in wind. compare: puhwe*, puki·l*, pʰuʔli*.

pʰulipʰuli*   [pʰulipʰuliw]  pʰuli*. Reduplicating Verb. scatter by blowing. dandelion el pʰudutʰciʔli pʰulipʰúliyiʔ when you blow on the dandelions, (the seeds) scatter in the air.

šali*3   [-]  ša-, li*1. Cooccurrence: always reduplicated, see reduplicated forms. Reduplicating Verb. leak.

šališali*   [šališaliw]  šali*3. Reduplicating Verb. leak, fairly fast (not drip). harí·ya wi ʔa ʔahqʰa cide·dem šališali·nʔ while I was carrying water, it was leaking along. synonyms: cutucutu*, cʼoto*.

li*2   [-]   Variant: lita*; ʔli. Instr Verb Root. move circularly. compare: li·t*, ʔli*.

bili*   [biliw]  bi-, li*2. Variant: bilita*; bilitaq*. Verb. eat (mush); take mouthful; put something in mouth with spoon. bilimeʔ take a mouthful (to several)! bilitaʔ D: Plural Absolutive. bili D: Imperative. bilitʰuʔ D: Negative. ṭʰoʔo bíli eat the mush!

bilic*   [biliʔ]  bili*. Verb. put something in mouth with spoon once. bili·ci take a mouthful! bili·ci mulʔ take a mouthfull of it! synonyms: biki·l*.

culic*   [culiʔ]  cu-, li*2. Verb. go around.

cʰilic*   [cʰiliʔ]  cʰi-, li*2. Verb. spread around (coals) with stick. compare: cili·c*.

dali*   [daliw]  da-, li*2. Variant: dalita*. Verb. stir with the hand. dali·ma fan it (with hand)!

duli*1   [duliw]  du-, li*2. Variant: dulita*. Verb. spread into thin layer (a dry powder).

dulic*   [duliʔ]  duli*1. Verb. spread out with fingers. ʔaró·s dulicʰmadu·ci spread the (dry) rice out by hand (to pick out dirty part)! Example Variant: ʔaró·s dulicʰmadu·ci^. done in making acorn mush to let the water seep out. compare: duli·t*.

mili*   [miliw]  mi-2, li*2. Variant: milita*. Verb. swing. synonyms: miki·l*.

muli*   [muliw]  mu-, li*2. Verb. throw in a curve.

pʰalic*   [pʰaliʔ]  pʰa-, li*2. Verb. stir with a long object. ʔoho pʰáliʔ to stir a fire (probably by poking). pʰilica·duʔ (pl.) to scatter flies by moving (cloth) in hair. pʰili·duʔ (sg.) to bat something off, chase or wave off a bird. pʰili·ma wave stick!

pʰili*3   [pʰiliw]  pʰi-, li*2. Verb. wave (stick). pʰilimʔ @. pʰili·ma wave stick. pʰili·duʔ bat something off; wave off a bird. pʰilica·duʔ scatter flies by moving (cloth) in hair.

silic*   [siliʔ]  si-, li*2. Verb. stir with tongue.

šali*1   [šaliw]  ša-, li*2. Variant: šalita*. Verb. sift, screen; drop off of. šali(tʰuʔ) D: Negative. šalitaʔ D: Plural, Semelfactive? šaliti D: Plural Imperative. šalitá·du D: Plural Durative. šalíhtʰuʔ D: Plural Negative. šali·ci sift! synonyms: pʰu·*3, hpʰul*; compare: šali*2.

šali·li   [šalí·li]  Lit: sifting instrument šali*1, =wi. Variant: šaliʔli. Noun. a sifter.

šuli*   [šuliw]  šu-, li*2. Variant: šulita*. Verb. stir by pushing and pulling; twirl rope.

šuli·m*   [šulimʔ]  šuli*. Verb. fan something, cool with a fan. šuli·ma fan it!

šuli·mʔ   [šulimʔ´]  šuli·m*. Noun. large fan made of buckskin.

libit*1   [libiʔ]  Ø-, libit*2. Verb. glimpse, catch a glimpse of. libítʰciʔ to catch a glimpse of something. libitá·duʔ to catch a glimpse of something far away. libitʰcimela I know I saw (a man) but only caught a glimpse of him.

libit*2   [-]   Instr Verb Root. glimpse; child disaappearing from view behind mother's leg, peeking.

balibit*   [balibiʔ]  ba-, libit*2. Verb. catch a glimpse (of sound). balibítʰci· šocela I think I heard something (but not sure; it was noisy here; or: know someone said something but couldn’t hear what it was).

libit*1   [libiʔ]  Ø-, libit*2. Verb. glimpse, catch a glimpse of. libítʰciʔ to catch a glimpse of something. libitá·duʔ to catch a glimpse of something far away. libitʰcimela I know I saw (a man) but only caught a glimpse of him.

pʰilibit*   [pʰilibiʔ]  pʰi-, libit*2. Verb. glimpse with the eyes. haʔdu ʔácaʔ pʰilibitʰcimela I think I saw a man over there (not sure).

libut*   [libuʔ]  libu·. Verb. whistle (with an instrument or the mouth). libúhye· mu he whistles. libut-yâ-e· □mu I just saw him whistle. libuta·de· mu he is whistling. libutá·cʼe· ma·caʔ they are whistling. kutol libuhye· mu they all whistled together once. libuti whistle! libúhtʰuʔ don't whistle! libutá·du keep whistling. libutʼíyow libútʰmeʔ everybody whistle at once! libutácʼmeʔ everybody keep whistling (not at once)! . libutáʔtʰuʔ don't keep whistling!

libutad*   [libutadu]  libut*. Verb. whistle.

libutad*   [libutadu]  libut*. Verb. whistle.

libu·   [libu·]   Noun. whistle (instrument). A two-toned whistle of elderberry or bamboo used in ceremonies; whistle of any kind.

cuwe libu·   [cuwe líbu·]  libu·. Noun. night whistle.

duwi libu·   [duwi líbu·]  Lit: Coyote’s whistle; Coyote's Whistle duwi, libu·. Noun. a constellation (Belt of Orion ?)

libut*   [libuʔ]  libu·. Verb. whistle (with an instrument or the mouth). libúhye· mu he whistles. libut-yâ-e· □mu I just saw him whistle. libuta·de· mu he is whistling. libutá·cʼe· ma·caʔ they are whistling. kutol libuhye· mu they all whistled together once. libuti whistle! libúhtʰuʔ don't whistle! libutá·du keep whistling. libutʼíyow libútʰmeʔ everybody whistle at once! libutácʼmeʔ everybody keep whistling (not at once)! . libutáʔtʰuʔ don't keep whistling!

libutad*   [libutadu]  libut*. Verb. whistle.

lika·r   [liká·r]   Noun. combine cards of the same suit (card-playing term). Usage: obsolete

likʰot*   [likʰoʔ]   Verb. bend the knee. likʰóʔ cʰiʔdimʔ (like rooster) to stand with one leg bent hanging in the air. likʰoti D: Imperative. likʰotácʼmeʔ D: Plural Imperative. likʰotá·dadu go along bending legs at knees. compare: ʔkʰošcicʼ*.

likʰoticʼ*   [likʰotiʔ]  likʰot*. Instr Verb Stem. dance the /likʰotiʔ/, the fourth part of the feather dance. likʰotí·cʼi do the /likʰotiʔ/. likʰotícʼmeʔ (to several) do the /likʰotiʔ/.

likʰotiʔ   [likʰotiʔ]  likʰoticʼ*. Noun. fourth part of the feather dance, danced slow with leg hop and libu· whistle to keep rhythm. compare: hoʔsiya, to·to, diʔcʼanʔ.

likʰoticʼ*   [likʰotiʔ]  likʰot*. Instr Verb Stem. dance the /likʰotiʔ/, the fourth part of the feather dance. likʰotí·cʼi do the /likʰotiʔ/. likʰotícʼmeʔ (to several) do the /likʰotiʔ/.

likʰotiʔ   [likʰotiʔ]  likʰoticʼ*. Noun. fourth part of the feather dance, danced slow with leg hop and libu· whistle to keep rhythm. compare: hoʔsiya, to·to, diʔcʼanʔ.

likʰotiʔ   [likʰotiʔ]  likʰoticʼ*. Noun. fourth part of the feather dance, danced slow with leg hop and libu· whistle to keep rhythm. compare: hoʔsiya, to·to, diʔcʼanʔ.

likʼ   [likʼ]   Cooccurrence: Usually given in a series. Animate Mimetic. call of the kestrel. likʼ likʼ (likʼ) (likʼ)

likʼli   [likʼli]   Noun. kestrel, sparrow hawk. Falco sparverius.

lile   [líle]   Noun. forehead.

lim   [lim]   Inanimate Mimetic. spinning hum, sound of rock spinning through the air. ʔihya wi kʼaṭa puhṭʰéhṭʰen lím lím nihcenʔ @ the cloth makes the sound /lím lím/ flapping in the wind. compare: lom, tsim.

limpiya   [límpiya]   Adjective. clean.

lipʰ   [lipʰ]   Inanimate Mimetic. sound of fire blaze, sound of flapping or flickering flame, sound of clothes flapping. lipʰ lipʰ cedu it goes slurp slurp blazing up and down and up. lipʰ lipʰ lipʰ sound of clothes flapping in breeze.

lipʰu hya   [lipʰú hya]  lipʰu· ʔihya.

lipʰuy hya   [lipʰúyhya]  lipʰu·, ʔihpʰuy, ʔihya·. Noun. bone marrow.

lipʰu·   [lipʰu·´]   Noun. shin (of leg).

lipʰuy hya   [lipʰúyhya]  lipʰu·, ʔihpʰuy, ʔihya·. Noun. bone marrow.

lipʰu· ʔihya   [lipʰu· ʔíhya]  lipʰu·, ʔihya·. Variant: lipʰu hya. Noun. shinbone.

lipʰu· ʔihya   [lipʰu· ʔíhya]  lipʰu·, ʔihya·. Variant: lipʰu hya. Noun. shinbone.

listo·n   [listó·n]   Noun. ribbon.

lišit*   [lišiʔ]   Variant: liʔši. Verb. walk bouncing up and down rhythmically. liʔši·du to walk lightly, spryly. lišíʔlišiti to walk bouncing up and down rhythmically. lišíʔlišitʰmameʔ D: Plural Imperative. lišití·bici to do once, start. Example Variant: liʔšití·bici. liʔšítʰmuʔ several to go around bouncing. lišíta·dadu to go along bouncy (only of person, not animal or ball). Example Variant: liʔšitá·dadu. liʔšibi·ci to bounce up quickly. Example Variant: lišibi·ci | lišibici. lišibí·ci maṭʼo mohtsi ʔeʔ bounce up because you are active. liʔšilíʔšimmeʔ D: (several people). lišita·dadúcedu keep going along bouncy.

lit   [-]  li·t*.

lita*   [-]  li*2.

liti*   [-]   Cooccurrence: requires Essive or reduplication, or both. Verb. quiver, wobbly.

litiliti*   [litilítiw]  liti*. Reduplicating Verb. quiver repeatedly; (to fat person) shake, quiver (not to water, jello; only to person). hasʼiʔda litilitiw lips to quiver. litilíti·du come quivering. Example Variant: litímlitima·dadu | litímlitima·du.

liti·m*   [litimʔ´]  liti*. Variant: litima·tad*. Verb. quiver. liti·ma D: Imperative, Essive. litimcíw to shake once. litímliti·ma to shake flesh. Example Variant: litiliti.

litiliti*   [litilítiw]  liti*. Reduplicating Verb. quiver repeatedly; (to fat person) shake, quiver (not to water, jello; only to person). hasʼiʔda litilitiw lips to quiver. litilíti·du come quivering. Example Variant: litímlitima·dadu | litímlitima·du.

litima·tad*   [litimá·tadu]  liti·m*.

liti·m*   [litimʔ´]  liti*. Variant: litima·tad*. Verb. quiver. liti·ma D: Imperative, Essive. litimcíw to shake once. litímliti·ma to shake flesh. Example Variant: litiliti.

liṭʼi*   [-]  ṭʼi*. Instr Verb Root. bend.

liʔši   [liʔšiw]  lišit*.

li·ma   [lí·ma]   Noun. file (tool).

li·t*   [-]   Variant: lit. Instr Verb Root. move circularly, move through a medium (air, water) in an arc. compare: li*2, ʔli*.

cali·t*   [caliʔ]  ca-, li·t*. Verb. spread lot of little papers with rear end.

culi·t*   [culiʔ]  cu-, li·t*. Variant: culitat*. Verb. water (or other liquid medium) move circularly. culi·ti D: Intentive. culitʰmameʔ D: Plural Imperative. culi·ta·du D: Durative.

ʔahqʰa culitʰmaw   [ʔahqʰa cúlitʰmaw]  ʔahqʰa, culi·t*. Noun. eddy, whirlpool.

ʔahqʰa culi·t   [ʔahqʰa cúliʔ]  Lit: water circling ʔahqʰa, culi·t*. Noun. whirlpool. synonyms: ʔahqʰa cutitʰmaw.

dali·t*   [daliʔ]  da-, li·t*. Verb. move hands or arms as in doing breast stroke; move circularly, move through a medium (air, water) in an arc, with the hand (palm), paw. dalihtʰuʔ D: Negative. dali·támṭa to wave hand or swish in water. dali·ti wave hand! (several times). dalitʰmaw D: Essive. dalitʰcitʰuʔ D: Semelfactive, Negative. dalita·ducé·du D: Durative, Directional "away". dalitʰcimé·duce·du D: Durative, Directional "away". dalitʰmeʔ wave hand! several times (to several). dalitʰci wave hand once! dalitʰcimeʔ wave hand once (to several)! dalitʰmameʔ D: Plural Imperative. dalitʰmamécʼmeʔ D: Plural Durative Imperative.

duli·t*   [duliʔ]  du-, li·t*. Variant: dulitat*. Verb. stir with a finger; move circularly, move through a medium (air, water) in an arc, with the finger; wave fingers. ʔahqʰawi duliʔ to stir water with fingers. duli·ti míto mul cohšoʔbamʔ wave your fingers in the air. compare: dulic*.

pʰali·t*   [pʰaliʔ]  pʰa-, li·t*. Variant: pʰalitat*. Verb. paddle or row. pʰali·ti paddle or row. pʰalita·dadu to paddle or row along. ʔoho pʰáliʔ to stir a fire (probably by poking).

pʰaliʔli   [pʰaliʔli´]  Lit: instrument for paddling pʰali·t*, =wi. Noun. paddle, oar. ʔahqʰa pʰáliʔli oars for boat.

pʰuli·t*   [pʰuliʔ]  pʰu-, li·t*. Verb. one to dangle in wind. pʰulitʰmaw several to dangle in wind.

qali·t*   [qaliʔ]  qa-, li·t*. Verb. move circularly, move through a medium (air, water) in an arc, with teeth. hayu yaʔ kʼaṭa qali·tʰ the dog swung the cloth several times. Example Variant: ...qaʔliʔliw.. qalitʰciw D: Semelfactive, Absolutive. compare: qaʔliʔli*.

šali·t*   [šaliʔ]  ša-, li·t*. Verb. move circularly, move through a medium (air, water) in an arc, by a long object moving lengthwise; with a mesh. šaliti šalitá·du D: Durative. šalíhtʰuʔ D: Negative.

šuli·t*   [šuliʔ]  šu-, li·t*. Verb. wave (in circle) small piece of cloth (handkerchief). šulitʰmaw to wave several handkerchiefs. pa·nu šuliʔ to wave handkerchief around in circle; to wave tail. compare: šuʔliʔli*.

li·wra   [lí·wra]   Noun. pound (weight).

lo*   [-]   Variant: ʔlo*. Instr Verb Root. roll, be made round. compare: ʔlo*2.

cʰilocʰiloc*   [cʰilocʰiloʔ]  cʰi-, lo*. Reduplicating Verb. be round (of nose). heʔén mito ʔila cʰilocʰiloʔ how come your nose is so round (and berrylike) ? compare: dalodaloc*.

dalodaloc*   [dalodáloʔ]  da-, lo*. Reduplicating Verb. roll around in hands (between palms) into a ball (clay or dough). dalodáloci D: Imperative. dalodálowa·du D: Durative. ʔaná· mu pʰiʔkʼo sʼalutʼeʔ dihcitʰú sóh mito dalodaloʔkʰeʔeʔ don’t pick up that ball; it’s too slick; it’ll just keep slipping out of hand. dalodálo D: Imperative. compare: daʔloʔlo*, cʰilocʰiloc*.

dolodoloc*   [dolodoloʔ]  du-, lo*. Reduplicating Verb. roll around in fingers. taqʰma doʔlodololo·qocʼi ʔahqʰa mátiʔ pull up your dress to go across the water!

milomiloc*   [milomíloʔ]  mi-2, lo*. Reduplicating Verb. to roll ball around with feet, to roll something around into a ball. miʔlomiʔloʔ D: Absolutive. compare: miʔloʔlo*.

molomolo*   [molomolow]  mu-, lo*. Reduplicating Verb. keep going one place and returning, come many times. ʔana· molomolotʰu mihcawʔ don’t keep going so much to that house! molomoloc D: Semelfactive. synonyms: mucʼemucʼe*, hicʼehicʼe*.

polo*   [-]  pʰu-, lo*. Cooccurrence: usually occurs with R. Verb. be spherical, bubble. qaʔdi wí ʔahqʰa yó· pʰudutaʔbama polomcíhqay you blew through the straw in the water and it made a bubble. compare: polo·lo.

polopolo*   [polopólow]  polo*. Reduplicating Verb. bubble up. ʔahqʰa pólopolow water bubbling up. polopólow it’s bubbling (up from underground). compare: kʰowokʰowo*, kiṭi*, tolotolo*, ṭoloṭolo*.

polopoloc*   [polopóloʔ]  polopolo*. Verb. turn round, spherical, like a bubble. polopólocʰqa (to thing) Make it round!; Make bubbly sound! polopoloci D: Imperative. compare: tʼonotʼonoc*.

polopolow   [polopólow]  polopolo*. Animate Mimetic. sound caused by liquid bubbling up or air bubbling up through water. huʔkʼuhú polopólow phlegm or mucus to make sound while breathing (Xf.)

pʰalopʰalo*   [pʰalopʰalow]  pʰa-, lo*. Reduplicating Verb. become round by wrapping, with the fist. pʰalopʰaloʔ pʰacʼo·ye·mensʼi·li it became round doing that.

pʰilopʰilo*   [pʰilopʰilow]  pʰi-, lo*. Reduplicating Verb. hit into a ball. muṭʼo mu·kito huʔu· mo ʔahá· li moʔó·tabina pʰilopʰílocʰqam someone beat his face with a stick and made it puff up into a ball. Example Variant: ... pʰilopʰílocʰbiw.

qaloqalo*   [qaloqalow]  qa-, lo*. Reduplicating Verb. gargle, rinse out mouth. qaloqálocʼmeʔ gargle (to several)! Example Variant: qaloqálotʰmacʼmeʔ. qaloqáloʔ one to gargle. qaloʔqálotʰmaʔ several to gargle. qaloqálo·cʼi gargle! qaloqálow to rinse out mouth. qaloqáloʔti ʔahqʰa qáʔdiyicʼba sóh qaloqalow he took a mouth full of water to gargle but just rinsed out his mouth.

šološolo*   [šološolow]  šu-, lo*. Reduplicating Verb. wad and wrap cloth to make it round. šološóloci D: Imperative. compare: šoʔloʔlo*.

lol*1   [-]  hlo*2.

lol*2   [lolʔ]  hlo*1. Morphological Analysis: □lol*.

lolo·ṭ*   [-]   Instr Verb Root. be a rash.

šololo·ṭ*   [šololoʔ]  , šu-, lolo·ṭ*. Verb. be a rash. šololó·ṭʼibiʔ get a rash, hives.

qahsil šololo·ṭʼibiʔ   [qahsil šololó·ṭʼibiʔ]  qahsil, šololo·ṭ*. Noun. goose pimples or a rash. compare: šoloʔlo1.

lom   [lom]   Animate Mimetic. buzz of bee or fly. lomʔ buzz of bee or fly. (lolo)lolomʔ lololomʔ mocking. compare: lim, holomʔlo.

loqʰma   [loqʰmaw]  hloq*. Verb. be baggy, loose (of clothes, shoes).

loqʼohci*   [loqʼóhciw]  loqʼo·c*.

loqʼoʔboc*   [-]   Variant: loqʼoʔbotad*. Instr Verb Root. tire out.

siloqʼoʔboc*   [siloqʼóʔboʔ]  si-, loqʼoʔboc*. Variant: siloqʼoʔbotad*. Verb. tire out, from swimming. siloqʼóʔbocʰwiye· to (I swam so much) I feel weak and drowsy.

loqʼoʔbotad*   [-]  loqʼoʔboc*.

loqʼo·c   [loqʼoʔ´]  loqʼo·c*. Adjective. haunted, spooky. ʔama· loqʼóʔ something making noise, something haunted or spooky. Example Variant: ʔama lóqʼoʔ. ʔama lóqʼoʔ šocela I heard something haunted, spooky. ʔahca lóqʼocʼ e· mu it is a haunted house.

loqʼo·c*   [loqʼoʔ´]   Variant: loqʼohci*; loʔqʼo·c*. Verb. make a noise by moving (usually of something unseen). loqʼo·cíʔtʰuʔ don’t keep making a noise moving around! cá·ška ʔem kahó·n li loqʼohciw the dishes are rattling around in the box. hiʔbaya ʔem ca·ška ʔel loqʼohcihqaw the man is rattling the dishes. loqʼoʔ šocéla I hear something (dishes) where I can’t see. loqʼóhcihqaw to make noises moving several (dishes) around; (cause to) rattle around. Example Variant: loqʼocʰmahqaw. loqʼo·ci make a noise by moving! pʰala lóqʼo·ci make a noise by moving again! loqʼoci·ducé·du habitually make noise by moving. loqʼocʰmeʔ make noise by moving (to several)! loqʼocʰmameʔ make noise by moving separately (to several)! loqʼocʰmaw several to make noise by moving (in a container). loqʼocacʼiwaʔ several make noise by moving in brush. loqʼo·tʰuʔ don't make noise by moving! loqʼo·yícʼmeʔ @.

loqʼo·c   [loqʼoʔ´]  loqʼo·c*. Adjective. haunted, spooky. ʔama· loqʼóʔ something making noise, something haunted or spooky. Example Variant: ʔama lóqʼoʔ. ʔama lóqʼoʔ šocela I heard something haunted, spooky. ʔahca lóqʼocʼ e· mu it is a haunted house.

loṭʼo*   [-]  ṭʼo·*. Instr Verb Root. take off outer layer.

lowacʼ*   [lowaʔ]   Variant: lowa·tacʼ*. Verb. 1 • talk (pl), converse. lowá·cʼiyiʔ D: Reflexive, Absolutive. lowaʔ several to talk. lowa·law D: Directional "downwards". lowá·cʼibiʔ several to start to talk. lowácʼmuʔ to converse, talk to each other ng sing. /cahno·du/. lowácʼmucʼmeʔ talk to one another. ya ṭʼo lowacʼmuʔ we were talking (to each other). lowacʼmucʼbina ʔe·ya we’ve been talking. lowacʼmeʔ D: Plural Imperative. lowa·cʼacʼiyicʼmeʔ talk to one another (Plural Agent). pʰalá lowácʼmeʔ D: Plural Imperative #again. lowaʔtʰumeʔ D: Negative Plural Imperative. compare: baʔsʼawad*, cahno*, qacʼa·m*.

2 • pray (pl).

cahno lowacʼ   [cahno lówaʔ]  cahno2, lowacʼ*. Variant: lowa·c. Noun. a conversation.

cahno lowacʼmuʔli   [cahno lówacʼmuʔli]  cahno2, lowacʼ*, =wi. Noun. a telephone. Usage: obsolete synonyms: wa·yawi cahno.

cahno lowaʔca   [cahno lówaʔca]  cahno2, lowacʼ*, ʔahca. Variant: cahno lowaʔ yaʔ. Noun. 1 • witness to prophecy.

2 • courthouse.

wina· lowaʔ   [wina· lowaʔ]  wina·, lowacʼ*. Verb. 1 • several to talk above someone.

2 • pray over (only in context).

lowa·c   [lowaʔ]  cahno lowacʼ.

lowa·loqocʼ*   [lowá·loqoʔ]  -aloqocʼ. Verb. get free from being tied up, from jail, from loose clothing, or from obligations. pʰala lówa·loqoʔ get free again. lóhwalo·qoʔ several get free. compare: hlokʰ*, hluṭʼ*2.

lowa·tacʼ*   [lowa·tacʼ]  lowacʼ*.

loʔqʼo·c*   [loʔqʼo·c]  loqʼo·c*.

loʔta*   [lóʔtaw]  hloq*.

lo·*   [-]   Instr Verb Root. soggy, slick.

dalo·*   [dalow]  da-, lo·*. Verb. be soggy from the hand. sʼaʔsʼa ʔáhsiyin sóh dalo·ciy it is so dirty that (the stain) won’t wash off. dase· weṭi dahloʔtʰin; sóh dalo·ciy although I washed it (the stain) wouldn’t come off; it just stays there. dalo·ciw

dolo·*   [dolow]  du-, lo·*. Verb. make wet, slick using fingers. ʔahqʰa dolo to put water on with fingers. ʔahqʰa dolo·cʼi put water on yourself (as in putting water on a burn)! dolo·tʰuʔ D: Plural Imperative, Negative. Example Variant: dolo·meʔ ~ dolowá·tacʼmeʔ. dolo·ci D: Semelfactive, Imperative. dolo·cimé·du D: Durative, Semelfactive. dolo·citʰuʔ D: Negative. dalo·tʰuʔ D: Negative. dalotácʼmeʔ D: Plural Imperative. dolo D: Imperative. dolo·meʔ D: Plural Imperative.

molo·*   [molow]  mu-, lo·*. Verb. (food) be soggy from lack of heat.

molo·c*   [molo·cíw]  molo·*. Verb. get soggy from lack of heat. ʔino ʔíhyum ʔli ʔkʰe hiʔbu sóh molo·ciy my potatoes just got soggy in the cold ashes. molo·ci (to potato) get soggy! molo·cimeʔ D: Plural Imperative. molóhta·meʔ D: Plural Imperative. molóhtayʔ several to get soggy. molo·cimé·du potatoes to get soggy because of no heat. pʰala mólo·cime·du potatoes to get soggy because of no heat #again.

qalo   [qalo]  qa-, lo·*. Variant: qalu. Adjective. not soaked soft enough; unleached, uncured (of acorns or olives). ʔoʔ qalo ʔqa· maʔu· ʔoʔ bótʼsicʼowʔtʰin this is not soaked enough yet, it is not yet become soft. Example Variant: qalu ʔqa·. biʔdu qalu acorns which are not soaked enough. biʔdu kihlaʔ qalu ʔ it's still not soaked enough. applied to acorns in the shell soaked from fall to spring.

silo·*   [silow]  si-, lo·*. Verb. be soggy from soaking. silo·cíhqa to soak until soft.

lo·ho   [ló·ho]   Adjective. weak. synonyms: sʼawa·t.

lo·le   [lo·le ´ ?]   Noun. lizard species.

lo·lo   [lo·lo´]   Noun. pipe, tubing, chimney for a kitchen stove (wood burning stove); hollow cylinder; flute. ṭʰeqʰále lo·lo an elderberry flute. lo·lo cahnóhqaw to play a flute.

stufa lo·lo   [stufa lo·lo]  stu·fa, lo·lo. Noun. stove pipe.

šihmi lo·lo   [šihmi ló·lo]  šihmi, lo·lo. Noun. gun barrel.

lo·ška   [ló·ška]   Noun. spoon.

=ltow   [ltow]   Variant: =tow. Adverb. from, away from.

bi·tow   [bí·tow]  bi*, =ltow. Adverb. from here, from this visible place.

lu*1   [-]   Instr Verb Root. blur.

balubalu*   [balubáluw]  ba-, lu*1. Reduplicating Verb. blurring sound.

balubaluc*   [balubáluʔ]  balubalu*. Verb. talk and talk so that another can’t speak. balubáluci D: Semelfactive, Imperative. balubaluyiʔ

balulu*   [baluluw]  ba-, lu*1. Reduplicating Verb. blurring sound. balulúmʔ maʔyul mul cahno šocela I can hardly hear (the news on the radio) because it is mixed with sound from (another station).

pʰilupʰilu*   [pʰilupʰiluw]  pʰi-, lu*1. Reduplicating Verb. blurring the eyes. pʰilupʰíluqacʼ you think that’s blurring, seeing double; cause it by drinking. compare: pʰilepʰile*, pʰilipʰili*.

lu*2   [-]   Instr Verb Root. coat, cover with a coating.

balu*   [baluw]  ba-, lu*2. Verb. smeared around mouth from eating. balu·yiʔ smeared up on mouth (adj?), to smear self around mouth. balubaluyiʔ D: Reflexive, Absolutive. baluʔ smear it around mouth or lips (e.g., while eating corn or berries). compare: balibali*, balebale*.

bilu*   [biluw]  bi-, lu*2. Verb. coat lips, cover lips with a coating. biluʔ eating berries, smear around lips. bilubiluyiʔ to smear eaten food around mouth. Example Variant: bilubilu·yiʔ.

culu*   [culuw]  cu-, lu*2. Verb. smear; smear on something with pad. ʔala·me yaʔ ʔama cúluw the gopher is pushing up earth. ʔama cúluw gopher to pile up dirt by pushing (from below). ʔalamé yaʔ ʔama cúluqʰ the gopher has piled dirt up from below.

cʰilu*   [cʰiluw]  cʰi-, lu*2. Verb. smear on something with brush.

dalu*   [daluw]  da-, lu*2. Verb. 1 • rub or spread something with hand. dalu D: Imperative. dalumeʔ D: Plural Imperative. daluwá·du D: Durative. dalu·cʼi rub face cream on self! dalutʰuʔ D: Negative. huʔu·mo ma créam daluʔye did you rub cream on your face ? daluʔtʰuʔ D: Reflexive Negative.

2 • be ocean waves; have waves, whitecaps; splash. dalucí·du D: Durative. ʔahqʰa dáluyiʔ high waves. daluyicʰqʰ (ocean) getting rough. qʰaʔbe tol ʔana· ʔahqʰa daluwe· qʰamosʼ at the ocean the waves are really rough on the rocks. ʔana· ʔahqʰa daluwe· qʰamosʼ at the ocean the waves are really rough. dalumeʔ D: Plural Imperative. daluyícʼmeʔ D: Plural Imperative, Reflexive. daluwá·law wave to splash over a rock. dalu splash!

daluc*   [daluʔ]  dalu*. Verb. smear, coat.

dilu*   [diluw]  di-, lu*2. Verb. dirty something by dropping something on something clean.

dulu*   [duluw]  du-, lu*2. Variant: dulut*. Verb. smear, stain, mess up with finger. dulu smear! dulutʰuʔ D: Negative. dulútʰmeʔ D: Plural Imperative. duluʔ rub something on self with finger.

hilu*   [hiluw]  hi-, lu*2. Verb. rub dirt into. mito ʔiša·li sʼaʔsʼa híluwi·ma with your arm you are rubbing dirt (on something else). hiluʔ rub it on yourself; to rub on something freshly painted and you. hilutʰuʔ D: Negative. hilu·tʰuʔ D: semelfactive ? hilútʰmeʔ D: Plural Imperative. kihlaʔ hilu·ci do it once anyway. ku·yi hilu·ci do it once!

hiluhilu*   [hiluhiluw]  hilu*. Reduplicating Verb. keep rubbing dirt into. kʼaṭa qáhle tol sʼaʔsʼa híluhilu·ye·ma you’re rubbing dirt on a white cloth. hiluhiluci keep rubbing dirt (on self)! Example Variant: hiluhilu·ci ~ hiluhilu·cʼi.

malu*   [maluw]  ma-2, lu*2. Verb. coat, cover with a coating. with the sole of the foot, claws, the butt of the hand. maluʔ to rub on self with food.

milu*   [miluw]  mi-2, lu*2. Verb. smear with dirty toes. milumiluw smear with dirty toes.

mulu*   [muluw]  mu-, lu*2. Verb. throw and dirty something; throw and spread.

mulu·cʼ   [muluʔ´]  mulu*. Noun. baby quail, quail chick. mulucʼ e· mu it's a baby quail. mulúltʰine· mu it's not a baby quail. compare: šiwʔši.

pʰilu*   [pʰiluw]  pʰi-, lu*2. Verb. coat, cover with a coating, using the side of a long object. ʔaha·li saʔsʼa pʰíluwe· sa·wana tol with a stick, someone smeared dirt on the sheet.

pʰulu*   [pʰuluw]  pʰu-, lu*2. Verb. coat, cover with a coating. pʰulu·tʰuʔ D: Negative. pʰulatá·du D: Durative. mahsíʔ pʰuluw to move fishing pole or arrow through smoke to darken.

silu*   [siluw]  si-, lu*2. Verb. confuse with talking, "snow with words"; lick. cahno wi silusílucʰwiye· to snowed me with words; confused me by fast talk. Example Variant: siʔluʔlucʰwiye· to. ʔama· ʔélši· daqa·cʼin ʔalacʼem to cahno wi silusílucʰwiy wanting to sell me something, the man (salesman) snowed me with words (confused by fast talk). hayuyaʔ ʔihkʰéʔ siluwe·to cohsotol the dog licked my arm (with saliva and putting on spit).

šalu*   [šaluw]  ša-, lu*2. Verb. (anything) leak out, come out. ʔahqʰa šalušáluwe· miʔkʰe your water is leaking out (of bucket). Example Variant: ...šališáli.... synonyms: šali*2.

šulu*   [šuluw]  šu-, lu*2. Verb. cover with cloth. šuluté· miʔkʰe kahon I’ll cover your box with cloth.

lucʼu*   [lucʼuw]  cʼu·*. Verb. break.

luhlu*1   [luhluw]  hlo·m*1. Morphological Analysis: □luhlu*.

luhlu*2   [lúhluw]  hlo·m*2. Variant: luhlumucʼ*. Verb. remove all joints, as on a deer.

luhlu*3   [-]  hlu·c*.

luhlumucʼ*   [luhlumúʔ]  luhlu*2.

luhṭʼi*   [luhṭʼiw]  hluṭʼci*.

luku*   [-]   Instr Verb Root. cover entire surface.

biluku*   [bilukúmciw]  bi-, luku*. Cooccurrence: often with Reflexive. Verb. keep one's mouth closed, especially to cover food while eating. bilukúmci· maʔa bimuci·du eat with your mouth closed! bilukúmcicʼi close your mouth!, Close your lips! bilukúmcicʼmeʔ close your mouth (to several)! Close your lips (to several)! bilukúmciʔ ʔi keep your lips closed!

šuluku*   [šulukuw]  šu-, luku*. Verb. 1 • cover entire surface, spread out. šulukúmciw to spread (of vines, weeds, plants on ground). šulukú·ci (to plant) Spread! šulukúmma(w) several spread across. šulukúcʰmeʔ several spread. ʔacaʔ ʔama· šulúkuʔ the place is full of people; they are everywhere: whole state, outside area. ʔahca ʔama· šulúkuʔ the (city) is full of people. qʰaʔbeqáli tol qʰá·mosʼ sulukuʔ the sky is full of stars, thick with stars. ʔama šúlukumciʔ the ground is covered with plants (weeds, trees).

2 • become thick with something. šulukúmciw to become thick with something.

lum*   [-]   Instr Verb Root. give excess, poison.

culum*   [culumʔ]  cu-, lum*. Verb. give excess, poison. maʔa wí culumwiye· to someone gave me more food than I need or can eat. kʼaṭa wí culumwiye· to someone gave me more clothes than I need. culuma to give excess, poison to fish. culúmmeʔ D: Plural Imperative. culuti

ʔahša culumʔ   [ʔahša cúlumʔ]  ʔahša, culum*. Noun. fish poison. (used for poisoning fish) It is more than the fish can take.

=luw   [luw]   with.

biluw   [bilúw]  bi*, =luw. Adverb. in this (container), herein; with this (instrument), herewith.

luwaq*   [-]   Instr Verb Root. fail to get.

šaluwaq*   [šaluwáʔ]  ša-, luwaq*. Verb. fail to get (fish or prey when hunting; money). ʔahša mítʰmawa·ducʼbina šaluwáhqa· mito you went fishing and failed to catch any. šaluwa·qadu D: Durative, Causative. šaluwá·qa mu·kito ʔ I wish he would fail (to catch). pe·su šaluwáhsʼuw ʔ it will fail to be got. pe·su šaluwáhwiye· to I failed to earn money. ʔahša šáluwahwiye· to I did not catch any fish. bihše šaluwaʔ to fail in hunting. maʔa šaluwaʔ to fail to get food. compare: šahqoṭol*.

luye·   [luye·]   Noun. tumor. synonyms: baya·ṭ.

luʔkʼus   [luʔkʼus]   Noun. downy or hairy woodpecker. luʔkʼus é· mu it's a downy woodpecker. Dendrocopos sp..

luʔkʼusma   [luʔkʼúsma]  Lit: ground woodpecker luʔkʼus, ʔama·1. Noun. woodcock.

luʔkʼusma   [luʔkʼúsma]  Lit: ground woodpecker luʔkʼus, ʔama·1. Noun. woodcock.

luʔlu   [lúʔlu]   Noun. kidney. lúʔlu wi ʔe· mu with the kidneys.

luʔta*1   [-]  hlud*2. Instr Verb Root. detach.

luʔta*2   [luʔtaw]  hlud*1. Verb. remove.

lu·caqʰbe   [lu·cáqʰbe]   Noun. long-stemmed ceremonial clay pipe. synonyms: pi·pa.

lu·lumucʼ   [lu·lumuʔ]   Noun. a dance. lu·lumuʔ qʼoʔo @. lu·lumú·cʼi dance the twist dance. lu·lumúcʼ e· mu it's a dance. lu·lumúʔtʰine·mu D: Negative. lu·lumucʼmeʔ D: Plural Imperative. men and women hold hands in circle and swing; partners hold each other's hands and twist around.

lu·m*1   [-]   Instr Verb Root. swarm.

halu·m*   [halumʔ]  ha-, lu·m*1. Verb. swarm (insects, birds). coʔo hálu·m the bees swarm (fly in bunch in air). coʔo halumʔba cʼalhciy the bees fly in bunch and bunched up. halummeʔ D: Plural Imperative. halu·ma swarm. compare: haluhalu*.

lu·m*2   [-]   Cooccurrence: -Vcʼ:. Instr Verb Root. set backfire.

pʰilu·macʼ*   [pʰilu·maʔ]  pʰi-, lu·m*2. Variant: pʰili·macʼ*. Verb. whisk away from self (flies).

pʰulu·macʼ*   [pʰulu·maʔ]  pʰu-, lu·m*2. Verb. 1 • blow (dirt) back from self.

2 • set backfire. ʔoho pʰuluma·cʼi miʔkʰe ʔahca tól ne·ta·tiʔdaʔ set a backfire so that your house won’t be burned (be hit against by fire).

lu·šu   [lú·šu]   Noun. 1 • sand flea.

2 • shrimp, lobster, crayfish.

lʔsʼa*   [lʔsʼa]   Cooccurrence: only in qʰálʔsʼa. Noun. ?

qʰalʔsʼa   [qʰálʔsʼa]  ʔahqʰa, lʔsʼa*. Noun. weasel. compare: miʔdiš.

lʔuš*   [-]   Instr Verb Root. get lumpy when cooking.

mulʔuš*   [mulʔúš]  mu-, lʔuš*. Verb. get lumpy while cooking (of mush). maʔa múhkul ʔkʰe mulʔuš the food I cooked got lumpy.