kú ríd shandádda
into put suitcase-the
'Put it into the suitcase'
Relational or locative particles: | |
ú | 'to, for' |
kú | 'in, into, on, at, with, by means of' |
ká | 'from, away from, out of' |
lá | 'in company with' |
Deictic particles: | |
sóo | 'in the direction of the speaker' |
síi | 'away from the speaker' |
wada | 'together, towards each other (with plural subjects/object)' |
kala | 'apart, away from each other, separately' |
daarta gudeheeda 'inside the building', lit. 'the building
her interior'
markabka gudihiisa 'inside the ship', lit.
'the ship his interior'
miiska dushiisa 'on top of the table', lit. 'the table
his surface'
jid dhexdiisa 'in the middle of a road', lit. 'a road his
center'
awrta dhexdooda , 'among the camels', lit.. 'the camels
their center'
habeennimada horteeda 'before nightfall', lit. 'the
night her front'
Among the nouns commonly used this way are:
gudo | 'interior' | gudihiisa | gudeheeda | 'inside,
within (space or time)' |
debed | 'exerior' | debeddiisa | debeddeeda | 'outside' |
ag | 'vicinity' | agtiisa | agteeda | 'near' |
dul | '(top) surface' | dushiisa | dusheeda | 'on top of' |
hoos | 'bottom' | hoostiisa | hoosteeda | 'beneath' |
gees | 'side' | geestiisa | geesteeda | 'beside' |
hor | 'front' | hortiisa | horteeda | 'in front of,
before (space or time)' |
dabo | 'back' | dabadiisa | dabadeeda | 'behind,
after (space or time)' |
dar | 'reason' | dartiisa | darteeda | 'because of' |
dhex | 'center' | dhexdiisa | dhexdeeda | 'in the middle of' |
dhex | 'center' | dhexdooda | dhexdooda | 'among' |
muddo yar dabadeed 'after a little while' lit. 'period small his back'
It appears that the head of these constructions is the second element (i.e. the possessed locative or temporal noun), at least based on the analogy with similar constructions:
Cali walaashiis 'Ali's sister', lit. 'Ali his sister'
ú | kú | ká | lá | |
ú | ugú | ugú | ugá | ulá |
kú | kagá | kagá | kulá | |
ká | kagá | kalá | ||
lá |
nínkíi bàan
cèelka xádhig kagá
sóo
saaray
nín-kíi bàa-aan
cèel-ka xádhig kú-ká
sóo
saaray
man-the FOCUS-I well-the rope with-from towards_me
raised
'I pulled the man out of the well with a rope'
ú | kú | ká | lá | |
i ('me') | íi | igú | igá | ilá |
ku ('you') | kúu | kugú | káa | kulá |
na ('we [excl.]') | nóo | nagú | nagá | nalá |
ina ('we [incl.]') | inóo | inagú | inagá | inalá |
idin ('you [pl.]') | idíin | idinkú | idinká | idinlá |
la ('one [subj.]') | lóo | lagú | lagá | lalá |
way káa
qaadday
waa-ay ku-ká qaadday
CLASS-she you-from took
'She took [it] from you'
Way nóo
qoreen
waa-ay na-ú qoreen
CLASS-they us-for wrote
'They wrote [it] for us'
sidée bàa lóo
sameeyey
sí-dée bàa la-ú
sameeyey
way-which FOCUS one-in did
'How was it done?' (lit. 'in which way did one do [it]?')
ugú | ugá | ulá | kagá | kulá | kalá | |
i | iigú | iigá | iilá | igagá | igulá | igalá |
ku | kuugú | kaagá | kuulá | kaagá | kugulá | kaalá |
na | noogú | noogá | noolá | nagagá | nagulá | nagalá |
ina | inoogú | inoogá | inoolá | inagagá | inagulá | inagalá |
idin | idiinkú | idiinká | idiinlá | idinkagá | idinkulá | idinkalá |
la | loogú | loogá | loolá | lagagá | lagulá | lagalá |
way nóo
qaadeen
waa-ay na-ú qaadeen
CLASS-they us-for took
'They took [it] for us'
way noogá
qaadeen
waa-ay na-ú-ká
qaadeen
CLASS-they us-for-from took
'They took [it] from [him] for us'