Ling 115
Writing Systems

Course Schedule

Fall 2011

This page gives the schedule of topics and assigned readings for Linguistics 115: Writing Systems at the University of Pennsylvania. The basic readings are from the Gnanadesikan textbook, The Writing Revoluation, by chapter; online readings are listed with direct links to either html or pdf files. These may be updated during the semester, so check back every week. Other relevant pages are the syllabus, glossary, phonetic symbols, study guide, and course description.

The notes and pictures that are used in lectures are all available on the web for study and review by students in the course; simply click on the links in this schedule. These pages are password-protected because many of the images are copyrighted and fair use restricts them to students in the course. Type the username and password given out in class when prompted by your web browser (contact the professor or the TA if you need help). Without this information, you will not be able to access the links below. Also, be sure that your browser is Unicode compatible.

Links to lecture notes will typically not become usable until just before the relevant week (no later than Sunday evening); links to homework and answers are usable according to the schedule of assignments. There is no class on September 5 (Labor Day), October 10 (Fall Break), or November 23 (the day before Thanksgiving). There are recitation sections the first week of class (Sept 9).

Week 1 What is writing?
Sept 5 No class:
Labor Day
Gnanadesikan
chapter 1 — The First IT Revolution
Online
Yule (2006): The Development of Writing [pdf]
Variability in the transliteration of Russian [html 1, 2, 3]
Garfield (1975): Transliteration ≠ Transcription ≠ Translation [pdf]

Homework 1
due Sept 14:

assignment;
answers

Sept 7 Typology
Transliteration
Greek
Week 2 Mesopotamian cuneiform
Sept 12 Background
Structure
Gnanadesikan
chapter 2 — Cuneiform: Forgotten Legacy of a Forgotten People
Online
Wilford (1999), Who Began Writing?  [html or pdf]
Michalowski (1997), Adaptation of Cuneiform to Akkadian  [html]
Houston, Baines, and Cooper (2003): Last Writing, pp. 430–435, 450–456 [pdf]

Homework 2
due Sept 21:

assignment;
answers

Sept 14 Structure (cont.)
Texts
Week 3 Egyptian hieroglyphs
Sept 19 Background
Earliest writing
Gnanadesikan
chapter 3 — Egyptian Hieroglyphs and the Quest for Eternity
Online
Metropolitan Museum of Art: Summary of History [pdf]
Metropolitan Museum of Art: Hieroglyphs and Art [pdf]
Houston, Baines, and Cooper (2003): Last Writing, pp. 435–450 [pdf]
Egyptian Phonograms [pdf]

Homework 3
due Sept 28:

assignment;
answers

Sept 21 Structure
Texts
Week 4 Maya hieroglyphs
Sept 26 Background
Structure
Gnanadesikan
chapter 5 — Maya Glyphs: Calendars of Kings
Online
Lawler (2006): Claim of Oldest New World Writing Excites Archaeologists [pdf]
Kettunen and Helmke (2008): Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs, pp. 4–15 [pdf]
Maya Syllabary [pdf] and Concise Dictionary [pdf]
Houston, Baines, and Cooper (2003): Last Writing, pp. 457–470 [pdf]

Homework 4
due Oct 5:

assignment;
answers

Sept 28 Structure (cont.)
Texts
(Other systems)
Week 5 Chinese morphosyllabic writing
Oct 3 Language
Historical development
Gnanadesikan
chapter 4 — Chinese: A Love of Paperwork
Online
John DeFrancis (1989): Chinese [html or pdf]
Zhou Youguang (2003): Breakup of Homophones [html or pdf]
optional: William Boltz (1986): Early Chinese Writing [pdf]

Homework 5
due Oct 12:

assignment;
answers

Oct 5 Structure
Morphemes
Week 6 Japanese writing: A mixed system
Oct 10 No class:
Fall Break
Gnanadesikan
chapter 7 — Japanese: Three Scripts are Better than One
Online
J. Marshall Unger (1996): The Modern Japanese Writing System [html or pdf]
J. Marshall Unger (1987): The Price of Tradition [html or pdf]

No homework due next week.
No recitation sections Oct 14.

Oct 12 Language
Kanji
Week 7 Japanese (continued); Phonographic writing in East Asia
Oct 17 Kana
Text
Gnanadesikan
chapter 11 — King Sejong’s One-Man Renaissance
Online
Korean Language School (2006): Short History of the Korean Alphabet [pdf]
Stephen Wright (2004): Linguistic and Philosophical Origins of the Korean Alphabet [pdf]

No homework due next week.
Study for the midterm.

Oct 19 Yi and Vietnamese
Korean
Week 8 Syllabic writing
Oct 24 Midterm
(see answers)
Gnanadesikan
chapter 6 — Linear B: The Clerks of Agamemnon
chapter 8 — Cherokee: Sequoyah Reverse-Engineers
Online
David Sansone (2003): Greece in the Bronze Age [pdf]
Helène Whittaker (2005): Social and symbolic aspects of Minoan writing [pdf]

Homework 6
due Nov 2:

assignment;
answers

Oct 26 Syllabaries
Cherokee and Cree
Linear B, Cypriot, Texts
(Undeciphered)
Week 9 Alphasyllabic systems
Oct 31 Indus Valley
Early Indic
Gnanadesikan
chapter 10 — The Empire of Sanskrit
Online
Steven M. Kossak and Edith W. Watts (2001): South Asia [pdf]
Andrew Lawler (2004): The Indus Script — Write or Wrong? [pdf]

Homework 7
due Nov 9:

assignment;
answers

Nov 2 Indic descendents
Ethiopic
Texts
Week 10 Consonantal writing
Nov 7 Early alphabets
Further developments
Gnanadesikan
chapter 9 — The Semitic Alphabet: Egypt to Manchuria in 3,400 Years
Online
A.R. Millard (1986): The Infancy of the Alphabet [pdf]
Bruce Fellman (2000): The Birthplace of the ABCs [html]

Homework 8
due Nov 16:

assignment;
answers

Nov 9 Modern alphabets
Texts
Week 11 The alphabetic principle in Greece
Nov 14 Transmission
Epichoric alphabets
Gnanadesikan
chapter 12 — Greek Serendipity
Online
Timeline of Ancient Greece [pdf]
Sven-Tage Teodorsson (2006): Eastern Literacy, Greek Alphabet, and Homer [pdf] through p. 175

Homework 9
due Nov 23:

assignment; chart;
answers

Nov 16 Classical writing
Descendent alphabets
(More inscriptions)
Week 12 The alphabet in Italy
Nov 21 Etruscan
Latin
Gnanadesikan
chapter 13 — The Age of Latin
Online
Timeline of Ancient Rome [pdf]
Wilford (2003): Lost No More: An Etruscan Rebirth [html]

No homework due next week.

Thanksgiving Break,
Nov 24–27.

Nov 23 No class:
Thanksgiving Break
Week 13 English orthography
Nov 28 Runes
Old English
Middle English
Gnanadesikan
chapter 14 — The Alphabet Meets the Machine
Online
James Campbell (2000): Britain, AD 500 [html]
Brett Kessler and Rebecca Treiman (2003): Is English spelling chaotic? [pdf]

Homework 10
due Dec 7:

assignment;
answers

Nov 30 Modern English
The alphabet
Week 14 Implications of literacy
Dec 5 Written language and literacy
Gnanadesikan
no reading
Online
Per Linell (1982): Speech and Writing. [html]
Sylvia Scribner and Michael Cole (1981): The Practice of Literacy. [large pdf]

Study for the final exam.

Dec 7 Vai literacy
Final exam

Wednesday,
Dec 21

12–2 pm  

314 College Hall