Germanic (Linguistics of a Language Family)
I was to answer 2 of the following:
1. Early Germanic languages are generally subdivided into three major
groups, namely East Germanic, North Germanic, and West Germanic.
Discuss the criteria used to establish these subgroups, including
innovations particular to each group. In cases of dispute, state
opposing views.
2. Argue for a particular explanation of the class VII strong
preterites of North and West Germanic. If you think they are
innovations, are they parallel or historically shared, and if the
latter, are they useful for subgrouping of the family?
3. Consider the forms of the nominal classes illustrated by the
paradigms of Gothic dags, harjis, and hairdeis and the comparable
paradigms in other early Germanic languages. Deal with the forms to be
reconstructed for Proto-Germanic and their possible antecedents in
Proto-Indo-European, and include a discussion of the changes to be
posited in accounting for the correspondences.
4. Describe and contrast the "verb-second" rules of Old English and the
continental West Germanic languages in terms of their structure,
applicability, and effect on surface word order. What other factors
have an effect on surface word order in West Germanic languages? Are
those factors uniform across the subgroup, and if not, how do they
differ from language to language?