Glossary from Bright's Anglo-Saxon Reader

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Page 241

A

(, oo) adv aye, ever, always

f law

[Ger Ehe]

abbod m abbot

[Lat abbtem]

abbudisse f abbess

[Lat abbtissa]

-bodan (principal parts: pret sg:-bad pret pl:-budon pp:-boden ) 2 enjoin, announce

-beran (principal parts: pret sg:-bær pret pl:-bron pp:-boren ) 4 bear, endure

-bdan (principal parts: pret sg:-bad pret pl:-bidon pp:-biden ) 1 abide, remain

-bisgian (-bysgian) WII engage, occupy

[bysig]

-bisgung f occupation

blenden WI make blind, darken

[Ger blenden]

-blinnan (principal parts: pret sg:-blann pret pl:-blunnon pp:-blunnen ) 3 cease

[<be-linnan cf. le]

brecan (principal parts: pret sg:-bræc pret pl:-brcon pp:-brocen ) 4 break down, destroy

-bregdan (principal parts: pret sg:-brægd pret pl:-brugdon pp:-brogden ) 3

  1. smite (intr)
  2. withdraw (trans)
    • imp 2 sg bregd

-broan (principal parts: pret sg:-bra pret pl:-bruon pp:-broen ) 2 frustrate, ruin (trans)

-bwan WI prepare, equip, adorn

[ban]

ac (ah) conj but

cennan WI beget, bring forth

Achia f Achaia

-clian WII become cool

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csian (hsian, xian, scian) WII ask

-cweccan WI shake (trans and intr)

-cwelan (principal parts: pret sg:-cwæl pret pl:-cwlon pp:-cwolen ) 4 die

-cwellan WI kill

[cwelan]

-cwean (principal parts: pret sg:-cwæ pret pl:-cwdon pp:-cweden ) 5 speak

-can WI reveal, proclaim

[c]

d m fire, funeral pile

[OHG eit, Gr ]

d-lg m flame of the pyre

-dlegian (-dlegian) WII blot out, obliterate

[Ger tilgen]

dl f (n) disease

dlig adj diseased, sick

-drfan WI drive away, expel

dre adv forthwith, quickly

-drogan (principal parts: pret sg:-drah pret pl:-drugon pp:-drogen ) 2 endure, experience, practice

-drfan (principal parts: pret sg:-drf pret pl:-drifon pp:-drifen ) 1 drive away

-dwscan WI quench, extinguish

-ddan WI put to death

[dad]

-dlegian see:-dlegian

-ebbian WII ebb away, recede

fandian WII make trial of, experience

-faran (principal parts: pret sg:-fr pret pl:-fron pp:-faren ) 6 go, march

-fran WI make afraid, terrify

-fæstnes f piety

-feallan (principal parts: pret sg:-foll pret pl:-follon pp:-feallen ) R fall

-fdan WI feed, sustain

fen n evening

fen-giefl n evening repast, supper

æfest (æfst) f n disfavor, envy, malice

[æf-st, OHG abunst]

-fest see:w-fæst

-festnes see:-fæstnes

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-flon (principal parts: pret sg:-flah pret pl:-flugon pp:-flogen ) 2

  1. fly (intr)
  2. fly from (trans)
    • 3 sg flh

-flgan WI put to flight

[flon]

-flman WI cause to flee, drive out

[flam]

-forhtian WII frighten

fre adv ever

æftan adv from behind, behind

æfter prep (w dat)

  1. after (time and place)
    • æfter issum after this (adv)
    • æfter æm thereafter (adv)
  2. along (place)
  3. according to
  4. adv afterwards

æfter-fyligan WIII follow after

æfter-genga m successor

-fyllan WI fill: inf

[full]

-fyllan WI cause to fall, destroy

[feallan]

-fyrhtan WI frighten

-fyrran WI remove, take away

[feorr]

-fsan WI

  1. hasten forth (intr)
  2. incite to go (trans)
    • pp fsed
[fs]

g n egg

gan PP possess

[Mod own]

-gn (principal parts: pret sg:-ode pp:-gn ) go

agn see:ongan

gen (pp) adj own

[gan]

-gotan (principal parts: pret sg:-gat pret pl:-guton pp:-goten ) 2 pour, shed

[Ger giessen]

-gtan WI injure, kill: pp gted

-gifan (-giefan -gyfan) (principal parts: pret sg:-geaf pret pl:-gafon pp:-gifen ) 5 give, relinquish, return

g-hw pron each, every

g-hwr adv everywhere

g-hwæer (ger, er)

  1. pron, each (one of two or more)
    • ns ger
    • gs gres
    • ds grum
    • as gerne
  2. conj
    • g-hwæer ge ... ge both ... and
    • ger ge ... ge both ... and
    • er oe oe either ... or

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g-hwilc pron each

g-hwonan adv from all sides, on all sides

glca (glca) m monster, fiend

[Goth aglaiti]

gnian WII possess, assume as one's own

[gen]

ger see:g-hwæer

-gyldan (-gieldan) (principal parts: pret sg:-geald pret pl:-guldon pp:-golden ) 3

  1. repay, requite
  2. punish

-gyltan WI offend, sin

ah (ac) conj but

-hebbad see:-ebbian

-hebban (principal parts: pret sg:-hf pret pl:-hfon pp:-hafen ) 6 heave, life, raise, exalt

-hn (principal parts: pret sg:-hng pret pl:-hngon pp:-hangen ) R hang (trans)

-hreddan WI save, deliver, rescue

-hrosan (principal parts: pret sg:-hras pret pl:-hruron pp:-hroren ) 2 fall

hsian see:csian

ht f possession, property

[gan]

ht-ge-stron n possession, riches

-hdan WI hide

-dligan WI profane

-ldan WI

  1. lead, conduct
    • 3 sg lde; læt
    • imp 2 sg ld
    • pp ldd
    • np ldde
  2. proceed, grow
    • pret opt 3 sg lde

lan WI trans and intrans kindle, burn

lc pron subst and adj each, any

ælde (ielde, ylde) m pl men

[eald]

aldor see:ealdor

aldor-monn (ealdor-) m chief, magistrate

-lecgan WI lay down, allay, overcome, refute

[licgan]

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led m fire

-lfan see:-lfan

-logan (principal parts: pret sg:-lah pret pl:-lugon pp:-logen ) 2 lie, deny (w dat of pers and acc of thing)

æl-fremed see:el-fremed

æl-gylden adj of pure gold

all see:eall

ælmes-georn adj liberal of alms, charitable

ælmesse f alms

[(Gr) Lat elemosyna]

æl-mihtig adj almighty

æl-odig see:el-odig

æl-odisc see:el-odisc

-lybban WIII live

lfan (-lfan) WI allow, permit, grant (w dat of pers and acc of thing)

-lsan WI loosen, release, ransom

amang see:on-ge-mong

ambor m measure

[Ger Eimer]

ambyre adj favorable

[<and-byre]

-merian WI free from dross, purify, refine

-metan 5 measure, estimate

-myrran WI mar, destroy, hinder

an see:unnan

n num adj

  1. one, certain one (indef art), a, an
    • ns n
    • ds num, nre [???]
    • as nne, nne, n
    • gp nra
    • on n right on, continuously
    • nra gehwæs of each one
  2. alone
    • ns na
    • as nne
    • ap na, n
    • æt n only that

an-be-stingan 3 thrust in, insert

an-bdan see:on-bdan

and (ond) conj and

anda m zeal, indignation, malice, injury

[Ger ahnden]

and-bidian WII wait

an-dfn f fitting amount, proportion

[dafenian]

andetnis f confession

andettan (ondettan) WI confess, acknowledge

[and-htan]

and-fenge adj acceptable

[fn]

and-giet (-git) n intelligence, reason, sense, meaning

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and-gitfull adj intelligent

and-gitfullce adv intelligibly

and-lang adj continuous, entire

and-leofen f living, food, sustenance

an-drden see:on-drden

Andred m the 'Weald' (the great forest in Kent and Sussex)

and-swarian see:ond-swarian

and-swaru (ond-) f answer

and-weard adj present

and-wlita m countenance, appearance

[wltan; Ger Antlitz]

and-wyrdan WI answer

n-faldnes adj unity, simplicity

n-feald adj one-fold, single, unmixed, superior

n-fealdlche adv in the singular number

n-for-ltan (principal parts: pret sg:-lt pret pl:-lton pp:-lten ) R leave, abandon

Angel n Anglen (Denmark)

Angel-cynne (Ongel) n Angle kin, English people, England

an-ge-weald (=an-weald) power, dominion

an-ginn see:on-ginn

Angle m pl the Angles, Anglicans, English

an-grslc adj grisly, hideous, horrible

n-grsenlce (-grsenlce) adv hideously

n-haga (-hoga) m solitary, recluse, wanderer

anhangen see:on-hn

nig adj only

nig pron adj any

an-lc see:on-lc

n-lc adj unique, peerless, excellent

n-lcnes see:on-lcnes

n-lpig (n-lpig n-lpe) adj single, individual

n-mdla (on-) m arrogance

[md]

n-mdlce adv unanimously

n-mdnes f unanimity

n-nis f unity

n-rd (on-) adj resolute

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n-rdnis f constancy

an-settan WI put upon, impose

n-streces (gen) adv continuously

an-sund see:on-sund

an-sundnis see:on-sundnis

an-sn see:on-sen

Ante-crst m Antichrist

an-rce see:on-rce

n-weald see:on-weald

apostol m apostle

apostolc adj apostolic

æppel m apple

æpplian WII make into the form of apples, emboss

Apulder m Appledore

r m

  1. honor, favor, mercy
    • gs re
  2. property, possessions
    • as re
[Ger Ehre]

r m messenger

[Goth airus]

r f oar

r comp adj former, preceding

r

  1. comp adv earlier, formerly, before
    • comp ror
    • supl rest
  2. conj ere, before that (usually followed by the opt)
  3. prep (w dat) before (time)

-rd adj inexorable

-rdan WI read

-rfnan (-refnan) WI perform, endure

-ræfnian WII endure

-rman WI arise

-rran WI raise, erect, build

[rsan]

ærce-bisceop (arce-) m archbishop

r-dæg m former day

-reccean WI expound, translate, recount

-redian WII arrange

ren adj made of brass, brazen

[r, Goth ais]

rende n errand, message

rend-fæst adj bound on an errand

rend-ge-writ n message, letter

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rend-raca (-wreca) m messenger

r-fæst honorable, virtuous, merciful

r-fæastnis f virtue

r-hwæt adj eager for glory

rian WII

  1. honor, show favor
    • 3 sg ra
  2. desist, cease
    • imp 2 sg ra

-rsan (principal parts: pret sg:-rs pret pl:-rison pp:-risen ) 1 arise

rst m f n resurrection

r-las adj dishonorable, wicked

arn see:yrnan

ærnan WI cause to run; ride, gallop

[yrnan]

rne-merigen m early morning

rodlce adv quickly, vigourously

r-wacol adj early awake

r-wur (-weor) worthy of honor, venerable

r-wurian (-weorian) WII honor

r-wurlce adv honorable, reverentially

r-wurnis f reverence, honor

s n food, prey, carrion

[Ger Aas]

-swan R sow

æsc m

  1. ash, spear
    • gp asca
  2. boat, ship (of Danish ships)
    • ap æscas

asce (axe) f ashes

-sceacan (principal parts: pret sg:-scc,-scoc pret pl:-sccon,-scocon pp:-sceacen ) 6 shake

æsc-here m (ash-) spear-army, ship-army

æsc-holt n spear-shaft

scian see:csian

-scnan (principal parts: pret sg:-scn pret pl:-scinon pp:-scinen ) 1 shine

-scfan (principal parts: pret sg:-scaf pret pl:-scufon pp:-scofen ) 2 shove, push

-scran WI make clear, transparent

[scr]

-secgan WIII say, relate

-sendan WI send

-settan WI set, place, transport oneself, go

[sittan]

Page 249

-singan 3 sing

-sittan (principal parts: pret sg:-sæt pret pl:-ston pp:-seten ) 5 sit fast, ground (of ships)

-slan 6 strike, cut off

-smian WII forge, work

-spendan WI spend, expend

-spring n spring of water, fountain

-springan 3 spring up, spread

-standan 6 stand

æstel m book-mark

[Lat hastula]

-stellan WI set up, restore, establish

-sterian see:-styrian

-stgan (principal parts: pret sg:-stg,-sth pret pl:-stigon pp:-stigen ) 1 ascend, mount (trans and intr), spring up, enter or leave a ship, go

-stingan 3 pierce

-streccan WI stretch, extend, prostrate

-styrian (-sterian) WI stir, agitate, move (trans)

-sundrian WII separate (trans)

a-sundron (-sundran) adv asunder, apart, privately

-swebban WI put to sleep, quiet

[swefan]

-syndrode see:-sundrian

æt pret w dat

  1. at, in (time, place, circumstance)
  2. of, from (w verbs of asking, receiving, taking, buying)

t m f

  1. anything to be eaten, food
    • gs tes
  2. the act of eating
    • ds te
[etan]

æt-bregdan (principal parts: pret sg:-brægd,-brd pret pl:-brugdon,-brdon pp:-brogden,-broden ) 3 take away, deprive, release

æt-awed see:æt-owian

-tellan WI tell, relate

-ton (principal parts: pret sg:-tah pret pl:-tugon pp:-togen ) 2 draw

-torian WII become exhausted, fail

æt-owian WII appear (intr), show, manifest (trans)

[Goth at-augjan]

Page 250

æt-foran prep (w dat) before

æt-gædere adv together

æt-ltian WII lurk out of sight, hide

[cf Mod loiter]

-tredan 5 tread

æt-somne adv together

æt-standan 6 stand, remain

ttor (tor) n poison

[Ger Eiter]

ttor-bre adj poisonous

ttren (tren) adj poisonous

æt-wtan (o) (principal parts: pret sg:-wt pret pl:-witon pp:-witen ) 1 twit, reproach (w dat)

[cf. ed-wt]

æt-wan (-wan) WI [cf. æt-owian] appear (intr), show, manifest (trans)

m oath

[Ger Eid]

æel-boren (pp) adj of noble birth

æel-borennis f nobleness of birth

æele adj noble, excellent

[Ger edel]

æele adv nobly

æeling m noble, prince

æellce adv nobly

æelnes f nobility

æelo f nobility

æel-stenc m excellent fragrance

æel-tungol n m noble star

-enian WII; [S 400 n 2] stretch out

[Ger dehnen]

er see:g-hwæer

-indan (principal parts: pret sg:-ond pret pl:-undon pp:-unden ) 3 swell, puff up

-strian WII become dark, obscured

[eostru]

Aulfing (= Æelwulfing) m son of Æthelwulf

-wan 6 wash

w see:

-wæcnan [S 392 n 1] awake (intr)

-wgan WI annul

-weccan WI awake, arouse, incite

-wdan WI rage

[wd]

a-weg see:weg

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-wegan 5 carry

-wendan WI turn, direct, change, translate

-weorpan (-wurpan) (principal parts: pret sg:-wearp pret pl:-wurpon pp:-worpen ) 3 cast, overthrow, reject

-wstan WI lay waste, destroy

w-fæst (-fæst) adj law-observing, pious

-wiht pron aught, anything

wisc-md adj ashamed, abashed

[Goth aiwiski]

-wc see:-wæcnan

-wreht see:-weccan

-wrtan (principal parts: pret sg:-wrt pret pl:-writon pp:-writen ) 1 write, compose

-wunian WII abide, continue

-wyrdan WI destroy

-wyrgan WI curse

[wearg]

xian see:scian

-dlian WII annul

[del]

B

bæc n back

bæc-bord n left side of a ship, larboard

[Ger Backbord, Fr babord]

bl n fire, funeral pyre

[ON bl]

bl-fr n bale-fire, funeral or sacrificial fire

bl-racu f violence of fire

bm see:bgen

bn n bone

bana m murderer

[Mod bane]

bn-fæt n (bone-vessel) body

br f bier

[beran]

Bardan-g f Bardney (Lincolnshire)

bærnan WI burn (trans)

Basingas pl m Basing (Hants)

basu adj purple (crimson)

btan WI bridle

bæ n bath, font

baian WII bathe

be (b, big) prep w dat inst; adv

  1. (nearness) by, near, along, on
    • be asten w dat east of
    • be westan w dat west of
    • be noran w dat north of
  2. (metaph. proximity) by, with, according to, concerning
    • b wrte copy
    • be m by that
    • by by that
    • be fullan fully, perfectly
    • be m concerning this
    • b s ilcan

Page 252

bacen n beacon (the sun)

bacnian WII typify, indicate, show

beadu f battle

[ON bo bovar]

beadu-cræftig adj valiant

beadu-rs m rush of battle, onslaught

beadu-weorc n work of battle

be-æftan (bæftan) prep adv (w dat) behind

bag (bah) m ring, bracelet, collar, crown

[bgan]

bah-gifa (bag-) m ring-giver, lord, king

bealcettan WI belch, send forth, utter

beald (bald) adj bold

bealdlce (bald-) adv boldly

bealo (bealu) n bale, evil, mischief

bealo-sorg f baleful sorrow

bam m tree

Bam-flot m Benfleet (Essex)

bearn n child, son

[beran]

bearo m grove, wood

batan (principal parts: pret sg:bot pret pl:boton pp:baten ) R beat

be-baian (bi-) WII bathe

Bebban-burg f Bamborough (Northumbria)

be-bodan (principal parts: pret sg:-bad pret pl:-budon pp:-boden ) 2

  1. command, bid (w dat)
    • 1 sg -bode
  2. offer, commit, entrust
    • ptc bebodende

be-bod n command

[bodan]

be-byrgan WI bury

Page 253

be-capian WII sell

be-cierran (-cirran -cyrran) WI turn (trans)

be-clyppan (bi-) WI embrace, seize

[Mod clip]

be-clsan WI inclose, shut in, imprison

[clse; Lat clausus]

be-cuman 4 come, arrive

be-dlan (bi-) separate, deprive of

bedd n bed

be-dglian (-dglian -dglian) WII obscure, bedim, conceal, keep secret

[dgol]

be-ebbian WII leave aground by the ebb, strand

be-fæstan WI fasten, fix, put in safe keeping, entrust

be-feallan R fall

be-folan 3 apply oneself (w dat)

[Ger befehlen]

be-fn (bi-) R surround, envelop, clothe, cover

be-foran prep (w dat) before

be-foran adv before

be-frn see:be-frignan

be-frignan 3 ask

be-gn irreg

  1. practice, perform, serve, occupy oneself with
    • opt 3 sg beg (w reflex acc)
    • pret 1 sg beode
    • pl -odon, -odan
    • 3 pl biodon
  2. surround

be-gang m undertaking, business

bgen (bggen) num adj both

be-geondan (-giondan) prep (w dat) beyond

be-gietan (-gitan, -gytan) 5 get, obtain, find

be-ginnan 3 begin

Page 254

be-gyrdan WI begird, surround

be-ht n promise

be-htan R promise

be-healdan (bi-) R

  1. hold, occupy, guard, protect
    • 3 sg bi-healde
  2. behold, look, observe
    • inf bi-
    • imp 2 sg beheald
    • pret 3 sg -hold
    • 3 pl -on

be-helan (bi-) 4 conceal

[Ger hehlen]

be-heonan (-hionan) prep (w dat) on this side of

be-hindan adv behind

be-hindan prep (w dat) behind

be-hfian WII behoove, require

be-hrosan (bi-) (principal parts: pret sg:-hras pret pl:-hruron pp:-hroren ) 2 (fall upon) cover

be-hrowsian WII rue, repent of

be-hrowsung f repentance

be-hwyrfan WI change, convert

be-hdan (bi-) hide, conceal

be-limpan 3 concern, pertain, belong (intr)

be-lcan 2 lock, lock up, shut in

bn f prayer, petition

[cf Mod boon]

benc f bench

bend m f n bond, fetter

be-niman (bi-) 4 rob, deprive of (w acc of pers and gen or inst of thing)

benn f wound

[bana]

bodan (principal parts: pret sg:bad pret pl:budon pp:boden ) 2 offer, announce, command

bon (bon, wesan) irreg be, exist, become